One of the expectations is for nurses to join professional association primarily because of

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Professional associations like the PNA promote growth e.g., training, certifications enhancing skills and standards. Fundraising, networking, or job aid are secondary. This focus, rooted in nursing's professionalization, ensures competence and leadership, vital for career and patient care quality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Responsibility is duty to perform tasks (B), per nursing e.g., meds on time. Not blaming (A), not choice (C), not temporary (D) obligation-based. B best defines responsibility's role, ensuring Mr. Gary's care, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pulling the lower lid down and instilling drops in the conjunctival sac ensures accurate delivery to a 4-year-old's eye, minimizing trauma prone positioning, high dropper, or dry wiping risks injury or inefficacy. Nurses use this, calming the child, ensuring medication (e.g., antibiotic) reaches the target safely.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Friction is the most critical in hand washing, mechanically removing dirt, microbes, and oils from skin surfaces, especially crevices. Soap emulsifies germs, water rinses, and time (40-60 seconds) ensures thoroughness, but friction drives efficacy. Nurses rely on this per CDC guidelines, reducing infection transmission, as chemical agents alone can't dislodge all pathogens without physical action.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Florence Nightingale viewed nursing as managing health by optimizing conditions e.g., hygiene, nutrition for recovery or prevention, as per her Environmental Theory. This quote reflects her Crimean War work, reducing mortality via sanitation. Henderson focused on 14 needs aiding independence, not directly 'charging health.' Roy's Adaptation Model emphasizes adapting to stimuli, not Nightingale's environmental focus. Orem's Self-Care Theory prioritizes client self-management, not nurse-led health control. Nightingale's legacy knowledge-driven environmental adjustments matches the description, cementing her as modern nursing's founder with this vision.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Counting the apical pulse for one full minute is most accepted, ensuring accuracy, especially if irregular. Shorter counts or dual pulse checks risk error. Nurses rely on this for precise cardiac assessment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Psyllium, a fiber supplement, bulks stool, useful in chronic diarrhea but not acute watery diarrhea, where it may worsen fluid loss by slowing rehydration. Intravenous albumin corrects oncotic pressure, not routine for diarrhea. Potassium supplements replace losses from stool, and normal saline restores hydration both are appropriate. Nurses prioritize fluid and electrolyte replacement in acute cases, avoiding agents that delay recovery or exacerbate dehydration, focusing on rapid stabilization.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mrs. Caperlac's low-sodium, low-fat diet reflects a health belief personal convictions about behaviors that impact health, grounded in evidence linking diet to blood pressure control. This aligns with the Health Belief Model, where individuals adopt practices based on perceived benefits (e.g., managing hypertension). It's not a cultural belief, which stems from group traditions, as no cultural context is specified. A personal belief might involve individual preferences (e.g., disliking salt), but her practice ties directly to a health outcome, not mere opinion. Superstitious beliefs rely on irrational assumptions (e.g., avoiding black cats), unrelated to her evidence-based dietary choice. Her decade-long adherence demonstrates a deliberate health-focused strategy, informed by medical advice, making health belief the most fitting classification for her proactive management of hypertension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diastolic pressure occurs when ventricles rest e.g., 80 mmHg in 120/80 reflecting vascular resistance. Systole (contraction), preload (filling), and pulse pressure (difference) differ. Nurses measure this e.g., in hypertension for baseline cardiovascular health, per BP definitions.