ATI LPN
NCLEX Cardiovascular Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Once blood has been oxygenated, it is pumped out of the heart by the left ventricle into the , where it travels to the rest of the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta, the main artery distributing blood to the body.
Question 2 of 5
What should the nurse do if a patient receiving furosemide develops dizziness and lightheadedness when standing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These symptoms suggest orthostatic hypotension, a common side effect of diuretics like furosemide. The nurse should monitor blood pressure and potassium levels to prevent complications.
Question 3 of 5
The lub dub sound of the heart beating is the sound of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The distinct 'lub dub' sounds arise from the closing of the heart valves during the cardiac cycle.
Question 4 of 5
A 22 y/o male presents to the ED with weakness and BP = 84/37. Sodium = 132, potassium = 5.9. Patient is lightheaded. ACTH is elevated at baseline. Then, Cosyntropin 250 mcg is given by IM injection. At 60 mins, serum cortisol = 10 mcg/dL. Which of the following etiologies is most likely for this presentation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presentation and lab findings (low BP, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, elevated ACTH, and inadequate cortisol response to Cosyntropin) suggest primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease). The most common cause in developed countries is autoimmune adrenalitis. Tuberculosis is less common today, and metastasis or hemorrhage would typically have additional clinical clues.
Question 5 of 5
68 yo male with class II-III dyspnea, no syncope or chest pain has an echo which demonstrates a calcified and restricted aortic valve without significant aortic regurgitation but a mean aortic valve gradient of 27 mmHg. The estimated left ventricular ejection fraction is 25-30%. Does this patient have severe aortic valve stenosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This appears to be an error in the original answer; however, biventricular pacing is not a standard treatment for aortic stenosis. The correct approach would be 'A', as low EF can mask severe AS due to low flow, but per instructions, I've retained the original 'C' and adjusted choices.