On what are most nursing paradigms based?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Most nursing paradigms are founded on the understanding and application of nursing theories through studying them and gaining practical experiences in clinical settings. While the nurse's ability to perform procedures with skill is important, it is not the foundation of nursing paradigms. Dr. Jean Watson's transpersonal caring theory and Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs are significant in nursing practice but do not serve as the basis for most nursing paradigms, which are shaped by a combination of studying nursing theories and hands-on clinical experiences.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the 2010 Institute of Medicine report recommended that nurses practice to the full extent of their education, which includes utilizing advanced practice nurses. This supports the efficient delivery of healthcare services. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on the relationship between advanced practice nurses and physicians rather than a reason for increasing their use. Choice C is not a direct reason for increasing the use of advanced practice nurses but rather a statement about the terminal degree for nurse practitioners. Choice D is incorrect as advanced practice nurses do possess the skills necessary to diagnose and provide advanced care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Arriving for class on time and prepared is the correct way for a student to demonstrate care for classmates. This action shows respect for their peers' time and contributes positively to the learning environment. Being punctual and ready for class helps create a conducive atmosphere for everyone's learning and demonstrates consideration for classmates. Choices A, B, and C do not directly show care for classmates. Choice A focuses on individual preparation, Choice B involves the instructor but not classmates, and Choice C reflects negative behavior that does not benefit classmates.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct time for the nurse to initiate discharge planning for a client experiencing an exacerbation of heart failure is as soon as the client's condition is stable. Discharge planning should begin early in the admission process to ensure a smooth transition and continuity of care. While involving the client's family in the planning process is crucial, the primary focus should be on starting the preparations for discharge once the client's immediate health concerns are addressed and their condition is stable. Waiting for a team conference or after consulting with the family may delay the planning process, which is not ideal in ensuring a timely and effective discharge plan.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When transitioning from a long-term care facility to an acute care facility, the nurse needs to adapt motivational approaches. The environment and patient needs change significantly between these settings. Adapting motivational approaches is crucial to effectively meet the demands of the new job and provide optimal care in the acute care setting. This adjustment allows the nurse to cater to the different needs and pace of care required in an acute care facility compared to a long-term care facility. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the specific need for adapting motivational approaches when transitioning between these types of healthcare facilities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Critical thinking is essential for nurses to identify and understand paradigms in nursing practice because it enables them to thoroughly examine complex situations and issues. By critically analyzing information and considering various perspectives, nurses can gain a deeper understanding of the underlying paradigms that shape nursing practice. This thorough examination helps nurses make informed decisions and provide high-quality care to patients. Choice A is incorrect because critical thinking involves deeper analysis, not superficial decisions. Choice C is incorrect because critical thinking does not provide quick answers; it involves a systematic and thoughtful approach. Choice D is incorrect because critical thinking encourages nurses to question information and verify its validity rather than accepting it blindly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coaching. Coaching involves providing guidance and support to help an employee enhance their performance. It focuses on developing skills, addressing weaknesses, and achieving professional growth. Mentoring (choice C) involves guiding and nurturing a less experienced individual. Peer reviewing (choice D) is when colleagues evaluate the performance of their peers. Disciplining (choice B) refers to taking corrective actions in response to policy violations or performance issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During a performance appraisal, the best approach to provide constructive feedback is by discussing specific examples of strengths and areas for improvement. This method allows the employee to understand what they are excelling at and where they need to focus on development. By highlighting both aspects, the employee can work on enhancing their performance effectively. Option A is incorrect because solely focusing on the negative aspects can demotivate the employee and hinder their growth. Option B is incorrect as providing general comments without specifics does not offer clear guidance for improvement. Option D is also incorrect as delaying feedback can prevent timely corrective actions and hinder performance progress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dorothea Dix is the correct answer. She is recognized for her significant contributions in advocating for the improvement of care for the mentally ill. Dix played a crucial role in establishing mental health institutions and reforming the care provided to individuals with mental health conditions. While Clara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross, Florence Nightingale is renowned as the founder of modern nursing, and Lillian D. Wald is recognized for her work in public health nursing, none of them are specifically honored for their work in improving care for the mentally ill in mental health nursing.