Nurses and other health care providers often have difficulty helping a terminally ill patient through the necessary stages leading to acceptance of death. Which of the following strategies is most helpful to the nurse in achieving this goal?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Reflection on death's meaning reduces fear and enhances empathy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model, from the 1960s, views humans as behavioral systems with seven subsystems (e.g., attachment) e.g., adjusting a child's feeding routine to stressors. Orem focuses on self-care, Henderson on needs, and Parse on becoming. Johnson's model helps nurses modify behaviors for equilibrium, influencing behavioral assessments in pediatric and psychiatric nursing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Callista Roy's Adaptation Model (1970s) frames humans as open systems, constantly exchanging with environments e.g., a patient's mood lifts with praise. Unlike Levin's conservation, Neuman's stressor focus, or Newman's health expansion, Roy's theory emphasizes adaptation to stimuli, guiding nurses in dynamic care adjustments like stress management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing care plans are nurse-centered designed by nurses to address patient needs e.g., managing pain. Rationales justify interventions (not vice versa), they're written (not verbal), and goals vary (not fixed at two). This nurse-driven tool, per NANDA, ensures systematic, patient-focused care delivery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulse pressure is systolic minus diastolic e.g., 120-80 = 40 mmHg reflecting arterial elasticity. Apical rate (heartbeats), cardiac rate (synonym), and pulse deficit (apex-radial gap) differ. Nurses calculate this e.g., in hypertension for cardiovascular assessment, per hemodynamic principles.