ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Normally the FEVâ‚ is what percentage of FVC?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: FEVâ‚ is ≈80% of FVC in healthy adults (FEVâ‚/FVC ratio ≈ 0.75-0.85). Choice A (50%) suggests obstruction (e.g., COPD). Choice B (60%) and C (70%) are low for normals. Choice E (90%) is high, nearing restriction. FEVâ‚ (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) reflects airway patency; FVC (forced vital capacity) is total expirable volume. A ratio of 80% indicates normal flow, making D standard.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding ventilation / perfusion (V/Q) relationships, which statement is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: perfusion decreases more than ventilation from base to apex (gravity), making V/Q higher at apex (e.g., 3 vs. 0.6 at base). Choice A is true (apex V/Q ≈ 3). Choice B is correct (third rib ≈ 1). Choice D is accurate (whole lung ≈ 0.8). Choice E (exercise increases) is true. Ventilation gradient is less steep (4:1 base-to-apex) than perfusion (10:1), reversing C's claim, making it false.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following substances is NOT synthesised by the lung?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: serotonin (5-HT) is not synthesized by the lung it's produced by enterochromaffin cells and neurons, then removed by pulmonary endothelium (monoamine oxidase). Choice A (prostaglandins) is synthesized (e.g., PGIâ‚‚ by endothelium). Choice C (DPPC) is made by Type II pneumocytes (surfactant). Choice D (histamine) is produced by mast cells. Choice E (kallikrein) is lung-derived. The lung metabolizes serotonin but lacks tryptophan hydroxylase for synthesis, distinguishing B as the non-synthesized substance.
Question 4 of 5
Which adverse reaction should the nurse include in teaching a client who has received the influenza vaccine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sore muscle at the injection site is a common adverse reaction to the influenza vaccine, occurring due to local inflammation from the needle and immune response activation. It's typically mild, lasting a day or two, and aligns with expected side effects reported by the CDC. Rhinorrhea and low-grade fever are more associated with the live attenuated nasal spray vaccine, not the inactivated injectable form most adults receive. Hives and numbness suggest an allergic reaction, which is rare and requires immediate attention, not routine teaching. Malaise and myalgia can occur but are less frequent and specific than injection-site soreness. The nurse includes this reaction in teaching to prepare the client for a normal, self-limiting response, reducing anxiety and ensuring they distinguish it from severe symptoms needing medical follow-up, promoting vaccine acceptance.
Question 5 of 5
Emily Yi, a 27-year-old real estate agent, visited a clinic to rule out any bacterial complications after her recovery from influenza. The clinic nurse educated her about over-the-counter cough suppressants, including the importance of limiting their use. What is the nurse's concern?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After recovering from influenza, Emily Yi might use cough suppressants for lingering symptoms, but the nurse warns against overuse because they reduce coughing's effectiveness during the day. Coughing clears mucus from the airways, a vital recovery mechanism post-flu, especially to prevent bacterial complications like pneumonia. Suppressing this reflex too much, particularly when active, traps secretions, increasing infection risk a concern for a healthy 27-year-old aiming to avoid setbacks. Weight gain from syrup calories is minor and unrelated to respiratory health. Sleepiness or insomnia could occur with some formulations (e.g., dextromethorphan), but this isn't the primary issue airway clearance is. Addiction to cough suppressants requires excessive, prolonged use, unlikely here. The nurse's focus is on preserving the body's natural defense post-viral illness, ensuring Emily's lungs stay clear, aligning with post-flu care principles to prevent secondary issues.