ATI LPN
Renal System Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Normal BLOOD pH range for adults
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Normal adult blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45, maintained by buffers, respiration, and kidneys to ensure metabolic stability. Below 7.35 is acidosis, above 7.45 is alkalosis. Option A exceeds this, B includes acidic values, and C is nonsensical, making D the correct physiological range.
Question 2 of 5
What anatomical structure prevents reflux of urine into the ureters?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The trigone, a triangular area in the bladder base between ureteral openings and urethra, prevents urine reflux into the ureters (A) via ureterovesical junction valves. The renal capsule (B) encases the kidney, nephron (C) filters blood, and urethral sphincter (D) controls outflow, making A correct.
Question 3 of 5
Concerning the functional histology of the kidney:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Superficial nephrons with short loops (A) reabsorb less salt, deep nephrons with long loops (B) enhance salt and water reabsorption via countercurrent mechanisms, and in dehydration (C), blood shifts to deep nephrons to maximize concentration. All are correct: short loops limit salt reabsorption, long loops boost it, and dehydration favors deep nephrons, making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, the answer.
Question 4 of 5
PTH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreases phosphate reabsorption (E, reassigned as D) in the proximal tubule, increasing urinary phosphate to regulate calcium. It doesn't affect water (A), sodium (B), or form AII (C), making D correct.
Question 5 of 5
The appearance of glucose in the urine:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucose appears in urine (glycosuria) when its plasma level exceeds the renal threshold (~180 mg/dL), saturating PCT carriers (D). It's not normal (A), unrelated to angiotensin II (B), and hypoglycemia (C) reduces glucose, making D the cause.