Mrs. Smith is positioned in chair. Which one of the following is false?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Proper positioning in a chair enhances comfort and prevents complications like pressure ulcers or poor circulation. Mrs. Smith's back and buttocks against the chair back and feet flat on the floor or footrests are correct for stability and support. The back of her knees and calves being away from the chair edge prevents pressure on those areas, which is also correct. However, stating that her paralyzed arms rest on her lap as universally true is misleading. With paralysis, arms may not naturally rest on the lap without support, such as pillows or armrests, due to lack of muscle control. In practice, paralyzed limbs require intentional positioning to avoid strain or injury, and without clarification of support, this statement does not hold as a standard positioning rule, making it the false option based on typical care protocols.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The five senses vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste are the human body's primary sensory inputs, processed by specialized organs (eyes, ears, skin, nose, tongue). Choice B mixes ambulation (movement) with senses, which isn't sensory. Choice C includes activities (feeding, dressing) and communication, not senses. Choice D lists organs but omits their functions (e.g., touch via skin, not stomach). Basic physiology, foundational in PSW training, defines these five as the standard sensory modalities, critical for assessing client perception, making 'Vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste' the correct and complete set.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dry skin, common in elderly clients, needs moisture retention. Bubble bath may irritate or dry skin further with chemicals. Bathing twice daily strips natural oils, worsening dryness. Rubbing briskly stimulates blood flow but doesn't hydrate and may harm fragile skin. Applying lotion or oil after bathing locks in moisture, a proven skincare method in PSW practice, soothing and protecting skin per dermatological advice. This addresses the root cause effectively, making it the correct and most therapeutic choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A mild skin injury, like a scratch, breaches the protective barrier, making infection the primary risk as bacteria enter, potentially worsening if untreated. Gangrene is a severe outcome, not immediate. Fluid loss applies to burns, not mild injuries. Nerve damage is unlikely unless deeper. PSWs prioritize cleaning wounds to prevent infection, per basic first aid and infection control principles, making it the correct and most immediate concern.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Calories below basal metabolic rate (BMR) the energy needed at rest cause the body to use stored fat or muscle, leading to weight loss . Weight gain requires excess calories. Anorexia is a disorder, not a direct result. Sleeping more may occur but isn't primary. Nutrition science, key for PSWs managing diets, shows insufficient intake depletes reserves, making 'Lose weight' the correct physiological outcome.