Mrs. Lim begins to cry as the nurse discusses hair loss. The best response would be:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: This response acknowledges her feelings and provides reassurance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cutaneous stimulation empowers the client to manage their pain.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Numbness is typical of depression, not the anger stage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Callista Roy conceptualized nursing as a theoretical system centered on the care of ill individuals through structured analysis and action. Her Adaptation Model, developed in the 1970s, portrays humans as biopsychosocial beings who adapt to environmental stimuli. Nursing, in her view, involves assessing these stimuli physical, emotional, or social and intervening to promote adaptive responses that maintain homeostasis. This systematic approach distinguishes her from others: King emphasized interpersonal systems and goal-setting, Henderson focused on assisting with daily activities, and Leininger prioritized cultural care. Roy's emphasis on ‘theoretical' highlights nursing as a science, requiring nurses to analyze patient conditions (e.g., stress from illness) and act (e.g., through education or physical support) to enhance coping. Her model's practical application, like managing a patient's pain response, underscores its relevance in clinical settings, making it a foundational framework for evidence-based nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Betty Neuman's Health Care System Model, from the 1970s, frames nursing as managing intra-, inter-, and extrapersonal stressors via prevention levels e.g., educating a hypertensive patient (primary). Henderson aids needs, Orem self-care, and Parse human becoming, but Neuman's stressor focus and system stability approach uniquely address holistic wellness, widely used in stress-related care planning.