Mrs. Jones asks you to perform a function which extends beyond the scope of your responsibility and training. You should:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Advising and reporting respects scope e.g., no meds unlike doing it , asking peers , or clients . PSWs stay safe e.g., escalate per policy. Overstepping risks harm; this fits. This ensures client safety, a PSW boundary in practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bacterial transmission occurs through specific pathways. Direct transmission involves physical contact, like touching an infected person. Indirect transmission happens via contaminated objects, such as shared equipment. Vector transmission uses an intermediary, like an insect, to spread bacteria. Sterilization , however, is a process to eliminate bacteria, not a mode of transmission. It's a preventive measure that destroys pathogens on surfaces or instruments, breaking the chain of infection rather than facilitating it. Understanding these distinctions is key for PSWs in infection control, and since sterilization does not transmit bacteria but prevents their spread, it stands out as the option that does not belong, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fowler's position involves elevating the head of the bed 45-60 degrees, aiding multiple conditions. It relaxes abdominal muscles , easing breathing by reducing diaphragm pressure, beneficial for respiratory issues. It's not the back-lying (supine) position , which is flat. It's widely used for respiratory and heart disorders , like COPD or heart failure, to improve lung expansion and reduce cardiac strain. Combining A and C captures its dual purpose, as evidenced in nursing texts and PSW practice for clients needing breathing or circulatory support, making it the most comprehensive and correct description.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The pituitary, thyroid, and pancreas are glands of the endocrine system , releasing hormones (e.g., growth hormone, thyroxine, insulin) into the bloodstream to regulate body functions. The reproductive system involves sex organs, not these glands broadly. The circulatory system transports blood, not hormone production. The respiratory system manages breathing, unrelated to glandular secretion. Endocrine system knowledge is crucial for PSWs monitoring conditions like diabetes, and its inclusion of these glands aligns with anatomical definitions, making it the correct system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Unconscious clients can't swallow or clear saliva, risking aspiration or infection, so frequent oral care is vital. Once a day or per shift is too infrequent, allowing bacteria buildup. When the PSW has time lacks urgency. Every two hours keeps the mouth moist and clean, preventing complications like pneumonia, a standard in critical care protocols. PSWs follow this to maintain health in vulnerable clients, making it the correct frequency based on evidence-based practice.