Mrs. Caperlac has been diagnosed with hypertension 10 years ago. Since then, she has maintained a low-sodium, low-fat diet to control her blood pressure. This practice is viewed as:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mrs. Caperlac's low-sodium, low-fat diet reflects a health belief personal convictions about behaviors that impact health, grounded in evidence linking diet to blood pressure control. This aligns with the Health Belief Model, where individuals adopt practices based on perceived benefits (e.g., managing hypertension). It's not a cultural belief, which stems from group traditions, as no cultural context is specified. A personal belief might involve individual preferences (e.g., disliking salt), but her practice ties directly to a health outcome, not mere opinion. Superstitious beliefs rely on irrational assumptions (e.g., avoiding black cats), unrelated to her evidence-based dietary choice. Her decade-long adherence demonstrates a deliberate health-focused strategy, informed by medical advice, making health belief the most fitting classification for her proactive management of hypertension.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Florence Nightingale viewed nursing as managing health by optimizing conditions e.g., hygiene, nutrition for recovery or prevention, as per her Environmental Theory. This quote reflects her Crimean War work, reducing mortality via sanitation. Henderson focused on 14 needs aiding independence, not directly 'charging health.' Roy's Adaptation Model emphasizes adapting to stimuli, not Nightingale's environmental focus. Orem's Self-Care Theory prioritizes client self-management, not nurse-led health control. Nightingale's legacy knowledge-driven environmental adjustments matches the description, cementing her as modern nursing's founder with this vision.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Under standard precautions, gloves are worn when there's potential contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva during oral hygiene. Massage, feeding, and hair care typically don't involve this risk unless contamination is evident.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 1 cc (cubic centimeter) equals 1 ml, so 20 cc is 20 ml.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The orthopneic position maximizes chest expansion, easing breathing in dyspnea.