Mr. Gary needed a referral but could see out-of-network doctors. This is an example of?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Referral with out-of-network option is a point of service plan (A) HMO/PPO mix, per definition. PPO (B) no referral, financing (C) funding, coordination (D) organization not hybrid-specific. A fits Mr. Gary's plan, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Post-bladder surgery, patients risk falls from pain, medication, or catheter-related mobility issues. Raising side rails prioritizes safety, preventing injury critical to recovery. Turning prevents pressure ulcers but is secondary. Range-of-motion exercises and massage aid circulation but don't address immediate risks. Nurses ensure a secure environment, supporting healing by minimizing complications like falls that could disrupt surgical repair.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tachypnea refers to an abnormally rapid breathing rate, specifically defined as a respiratory rate exceeding 20 breaths per minute in adults at rest. In this scenario, Jake's respiratory rate is 30 breaths per minute, which clearly fits the definition of tachypnea. This condition often signals an underlying issue such as respiratory distress, infection, or anxiety, requiring further investigation by the healthcare team. The nurse's recognition and documentation of tachypnea are critical for ensuring timely intervention. The other options are unrelated: a pulse rate over 100 beats per minute defines tachycardia, not tachypnea; blood pressure of 140/90 indicates hypertension, which is a cardiovascular parameter; and frequent bowel sounds pertain to gastrointestinal activity, not respiration. Thus, the correct understanding of tachypnea aligns with a respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute, making it the most accurate choice in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For an abdominal examination, the patient should lie supine with the head of the bed at 0 degrees flat. This position relaxes abdominal muscles, optimizing access for inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation, and allowing clear assessment of organ contours or tenderness. Elevating the head (30 or 45 degrees) tenses muscles, hindering palpation and potentially masking findings, while 90 degrees (sitting upright) distorts abdominal layout, unsuitable for a thorough exam. The flat supine position ensures uniformity, aiding detection of abnormalities like masses or distension, and aligns with clinical standards for accuracy. Nurses use this to establish baseline data or monitor conditions (e.g., post-surgery), making 0 degrees the essential choice for effective, reliable abdominal assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The scientific method hypothesizing, experimenting, analyzing, concluding grounds research, offering a systematic, objective way to build knowledge. In nursing, it validates practices (e.g., hand hygiene efficacy), ensuring evidence is reliable. Evidence is research's product, not its foundation; it emerges from the method. Experience informs hypotheses but is subjective, lacking rigor without structure e.g., a nurse's hunch needs testing. Self-actualization, a Maslow need, relates to personal growth, not research's basis; it's irrelevant here. The scientific method's disciplined approach distinguishes research from intuition, enabling nurses to trust findings for practice (e.g., wound care protocols), making it the cornerstone of credible, reproducible research in healthcare.