Mr. Gary chose his doctor within a PPO network. This is an example of?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choosing within a PPO is a preferred provider organization (A) flexible options, per definition. HMO (B) limits, policy (C) rules, education (D) teaching not choice-specific. A fits Mr. Gary's network freedom, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis, potassium shifts extracellularly due to acidosis, masking depletion as it's lost in urine. Insulin therapy drives it back into cells, risking hypokalemia. Potassium chloride infusion replaces these losses, maintaining levels for muscle and cardiac function. Hyperpnea is acidosis-driven, not potassium-related. Flaccid paralysis and arrhythmias occur with severe imbalance, but replacement is proactive. Nurses monitor levels, preventing complications like weakness or dysrhythmias during treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Brain death halts brainstem function, causing diabetes insipidus (ADH loss), apnea (no breathing), and unresponsive pupils (fixed, often dilated, not constricted). Pulse may not react to atropine due to autonomic failure. Constricted pupils suggest intact brainstem, inconsistent with death. Nurses assess these signs, confirming irreversible loss for organ donation protocols.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary purpose of planning care is making individualized patient care, tailoring interventions to the patient's unique needs, preferences, and health status. This ensures relevance and efficacy, enhancing outcomes and patient engagement. A standardized nursing care plan offers a template but lacks personalization, potentially missing specific concerns. Expanding nursing diagnosis taxonomy advances the profession broadly, not individual care directly. Incorporating nursing and medical diagnoses is valuable for holistic treatment but secondary to customizing care, as nursing focuses on patient responses, not just medical conditions. Individualized planning, informed by assessment and diagnosis, crafts a care plan reflecting the patient's reality e.g., cultural factors or comorbidities making it the cornerstone of effective, patient-centered nursing, driving all subsequent actions and evaluations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) administers licensing exams for registered nurses in Kenya, regulating education, practice, and licensure under the Nurses Act. It ensures competency and standards, issuing licenses post-examination. The National Nurses Association of Kenya (NNAK) is a professional body advocating for nurses, not a licensing authority focused on welfare, not regulation. The American Nurses Association (ANA) governs U.S. nursing, irrelevant to Kenya's system. The Kenya National Nurses Union (KNNU) supports labor rights, not licensure, representing nurses' interests, not testing them. NCK's role in examinations safeguards public health by certifying qualified practitioners, aligning with its mandate as Kenya's official nursing regulator, making it the clear authority here.