ATI LPN
Renal System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occurs in the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) (C) reabsorbs ~65% of glomerular filtrate, including water, glucose, and ions, due to its microvilli and carrier proteins. The glomerulus (A) filters, not reabsorbs, the collecting tubule (B) adjusts urine concentration, and the ureter (D) transports urine, making C the primary reabsorption site.
Question 2 of 5
The region of the distal convoluted tubule in contact with the granular cells of the afferent arteriole is called the macula densa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The macula densa, part of the distal convoluted tubule, contacts juxtaglomerular cells at the afferent arteriole, forming the JGA to regulate renin (A). This anatomical feature is true, not false (B), making A correct.
Question 3 of 5
During reabsorption, Na⺠crosses the apical walls of the proximal tubule cells into the interstitial fluid principally by means of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na⺠reabsorption in the PCT uses active transport (D) via Na+/K+ ATPase and Na+/H+ exchangers, not phagocytosis (A), endocytosis (B), or diffusion (C), making D the primary mechanism.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is admitted to the hospital with new onset nephrotic syndrome. Which assessment data will the nurse expect to find related to this illness?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome causes edema from hypoalbuminemia, leading to weight gain (C). Hypertension, not low BP (D), is typical, skin turgor is normal with edema (A), and ketones (B) are unrelated, making C the expected finding.
Question 5 of 5
An 88-year-old with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has a markedly distended bladder and is agitated and confused. Which of the following interventions prescribed by the health care provider should the nurse implement first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute urinary retention (A) with distension and agitation requires immediate catheterization to relieve pressure and symptoms. IVP (B), sedation (C), and labs (D) follow, but relieving retention is the urgent first step, making A the priority.