Most common type of lymphoma?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This is the most common type of lymphoma due to its aggressive nature and frequent occurrence in adults. It accounts for about 30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Hodgkin lymphoma (A) is less common and has distinct diagnostic features. Follicular lymphoma (B) is indolent and typically affects older adults. Mantle-cell lymphoma (D) is rarer and characterized by a specific genetic abnormality. Therefore, based on prevalence and characteristics, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Identify symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fever Step 2: Recall common viruses causing viral hemorrhagic fever Step 3: Understand characteristics of virus families Step 4: Filoviruses, like Ebola and Marburg, are known to cause viral hemorrhagic fevers due to their high pathogenicity. Step 5: Togaviruses, Bunyaviruses, and Flaviviruses are not typically associated with viral hemorrhagic fevers. Summary: Filovirus is the correct answer as it is a known cause of viral hemorrhagic fevers, while the other choices are not commonly associated with this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Irradiating blood components. This is because irradiation of blood components helps prevent graft-versus-host disease by inactivating T lymphocytes present in the transfused blood. This decreases the risk of these donor T cells attacking the recipient's tissues, which is the underlying mechanism of graft-versus-host disease. Explanation of other choices: A: Packed cells - While packed red blood cells are less likely to cause a reaction compared to whole blood, they do not prevent graft-versus-host disease. C: Fresh whole blood - Fresh whole blood does not address the specific mechanism of graft-versus-host disease prevention like irradiation does. D: Crystalloid replacement - Crystalloid replacement does not have any impact on preventing graft-versus-host disease as it does not affect the T lymphocytes present in the transfused blood components.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Temporary water in jungles. Anopheles balabacensis is a species of mosquito known to breed in temporary water sources found in jungles. They typically lay their eggs in small, shallow pools of water that form after rainfalls. This choice is correct because it aligns with the known breeding habits of this particular mosquito species. A: Artificial containers - Incorrect. Anopheles balabacensis typically does not breed in artificial containers but prefers natural water sources. B: Drains - Incorrect. This species does not usually breed in drains but rather in natural water bodies. D: Rock pools - Incorrect. Anopheles balabacensis prefers temporary water in jungles over rock pools for breeding due to the specific environmental conditions required for egg-laying and larval development.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer D is correct: 1. An antigen is a substance that stimulates the production of antibodies. 2. Antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, or other molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign. 3. Antigens trigger the immune system to produce antibodies to neutralize or eliminate the foreign substance. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately describes the role of antigens in stimulating antibody production. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because: A: Antigens are not proteins themselves but can be recognized by antibodies. B: Antigens do not inhibit microorganism growth; they stimulate immune responses. C: Antigens do not directly stimulate antibody production; they trigger the immune system to produce antibodies in response to foreign substances.