Most common pulmonary function abnormality in pati

ATI LPN

ATI LPN Test Bank

Most common pulmonary function abnormality in patients with cystic fibrosis is:

A. Restrictive lung disease B. Obstructive lung disease C. Diffusion defect D. Hyperinflation

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Obstructive lung disease is the hallmark of cystic fibrosis, from mucus plugging, per CFF. A, C-E are less typical.

A 5-year-old boy presents with fever and neck stiffness. CSF analysis shows pleocytosis and low glucose. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Viral meningitis B. Bacterial meningitis C. Tuberculous meningitis D. Encephalitis

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bacterial meningitis features fever, neck stiffness, and CSF with pleocytosis and low glucose, per AAP. A, C-E differ in CSF findings.

A 4-month-old infant presents with a heart rate of 220 bpm and poor feeding. ECG shows narrow QRS tachycardia. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Ventricular tachycardia B. Supraventricular tachycardia C. Sinus tachycardia D. Atrial fibrillation

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: SVT is common in infants with narrow QRS tachycardia, per AHA. A, C-E have different ECG findings.

A 4-year-old girl presents with pallor and fatigue. Labs show hemoglobin of 7 g/dL and spherocytes. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Iron deficiency anemia B. Sickle cell disease C. Hereditary spherocytosis D. Thalassemia

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis fits pallor and spherocytes, per ASH. A, B, D, E have different smears.

A 2-year-old boy presents with abdominal pain and bloody stools. Ultrasound shows a telescoping bowel segment. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Appendicitis B. Intussusception C. Meckel diverticulum D. Ulcerative colitis

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intussusception features pain, bloody stools, and telescoping on ultrasound, per AAP. A, C-E differ in imaging.

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