Most common cause of hypothyroidism in children is

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ATI LPN Test Bank

Most common cause of hypothyroidism in children is:

A. Iodine deficiency B. Congenital hypothyroidism C. Hashimoto thyroiditis D. Thyroidectomy

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in children, per AAP (doc p149, Q578).

A 6-year-old boy presents with fatigue and pallor. Labs show hemoglobin of 8 g/dL and microcytic anemia. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Sickle cell disease B. Thalassemia C. Iron deficiency anemia D. Aplastic anemia

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is microcytic and common, per AAP. A, B, D, E differ.

A 5-year-old boy presents with fever and a petechial rash. Labs show thrombocytopenia. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. ITP B. Leukemia C. Meningococcemia D. Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Meningococcemia fits fever and petechiae, per CDC. A, B, D, E differ.

A 2-month-old infant presents with projectile vomiting. Labs show hypokalemic alkalosis. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Gastroesophageal reflux B. Pyloric stenosis C. Duodenal atresia D. Malrotation

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pyloric stenosis causes vomiting and hypokalemic alkalosis, per AAP. A, C-E differ.

A 2-year-old girl presents with fever and a generalized rash. Exam shows posterior auricular lymphadenopathy. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Measles B. Rubella C. Roseola D. Scarlet fever

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rubella features fever, rash, and posterior auricular nodes, per CDC. A, C-E differ.

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