Most common cause of easy bruising complaints?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction. Aspirin inhibits platelet function, leading to easy bruising. Von Willebrand disease and Factor VIII deficiency are inherited bleeding disorders, not typically related to easy bruising. Grackelguber's disease is a fictional distractor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lymphocyte count. In the International Prognostic Index (IPI) for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, lymphocyte count is not a criterion because it focuses on factors such as age, stage, LDH level, extranodal sites, and performance status. Lymphocyte count does not directly impact the prognosis or risk assessment in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The other choices (A, B, D) are included in the IPI as they are important prognostic factors that help determine the severity and outcome of the disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Defects in peripheral proteins. Spherocytosis is a condition characterized by red blood cells with a spherical shape due to defects in the peripheral proteins such as spectrin. This leads to decreased cell flexibility, making the cells more prone to premature destruction in the spleen. Choice A is incorrect because spherocytosis is not caused by abnormal integral proteins. Choice C is incorrect as increased roleaux refers to red blood cells sticking together, not the cause of spherocytosis. Choice D is incorrect as sickle-shaped cells are characteristic of sickle cell anemia, not spherocytosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because NHL commonly originates from B cells. B cells give rise to most NHL subtypes, making the B-cell phenotype more common. Choice A is incorrect because RS cells are characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma, not NHL. Choice C is incorrect as NHL can involve non-contiguous lymph nodes. Choice D is incorrect as some NHL subtypes can have a leukemic phase.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because basic immunoglobulin structure consists of 2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains. Heavy chains are joined to each other and to light chains by disulfide bonds. This arrangement forms the characteristic Y-shape structure of an antibody. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they involve different combinations of heavy and light chains, which do not align with the typical composition of basic immunoglobulin.