ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Microcytic anemia is not found in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Microcytic anemia (small RBCs, MCV <80 fL) isn't found in pernicious anemia (B) B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemia (MCV >100 fL) from impaired DNA synthesis. Hypothyroidism (A), malabsorption (C), and chronic infection reduce iron, yielding microcytosis. Folic acid deficiency (D) mirrors B12, macrocytic. Pernicious anemia's autoimmune gastric atrophy blocks B12 absorption, key in hematology nursing for Schilling test and B12 therapy.
Question 2 of 5
The classic triad of symptoms in pernicious anemia is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pernicious anemia's triad is weakness, sore tongue, paresthesias (D) B12 deficiency causes anemia (weakness), glossitis (sore tongue), and neuropathy (paresthesias, e.g., numbness). Heartburn (A, B) or dysphagia (C, E) aren't classic esophageal webs are rare. Triad reflects multisystem B12 loss, key in nursing for symptom recognition and B12 therapy.
Question 3 of 5
Defective clot retraction and a normal platelets count might be due to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glanzmann's thrombasthenia GPIIb/IIIa defect impairs clot retraction despite normal platelet count (e.g., 200,000/μL), causing mucocutaneous bleeding. Iron deficiency (A) affects RBCs. Von Willebrand's (B likely disease misprint) lowers vWF, not retraction. Neoplastic (C) or Osler-Weber (D vascular) don't fit. Glanzmann's fibrinogen binding failure is key, guiding nursing for transfusion support.
Question 4 of 5
In intravascular clotting or thrombosis the one factor which is not important is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravascular thrombosis Virchow's triad: vessel injury (A), stasis (B), hypercoagulability (D) plus infection promote clots. Lack of vitamin C (C) causes scurvy, not thrombosis collagen weakness bleeds, not clots. C's irrelevance is key, guiding nursing for anticoagulation focus, not nutritional correction.
Question 5 of 5
A 57 year-old patient presents the following symptoms: for several months he had noticed weakness, sore tongue, acroparesthesias and diarrhea. Examination reveals pallor, absence of position and vibration sensation in the feet, and as atrophic tongue, blood counts shows a microcytic anemia. The one of the following which will cause the best response of reticulocytosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Microcytic anemia (MCV <80 fL) with weakness, glossitis, neuropathy suggests iron deficiency ferrous sulfate (B 2 g daily) boosts Hb, reticulocytes (e.g., 5-10% in 7 days) by restoring iron (e.g., ferritin <15 μg/L). Folate (A) treats macrocytosis. Thiamin (C) is B1, unrelated. Transfusion (D) is temporary. None' denies. Iron's efficacy is key, guiding nursing for GI tolerance and anemia correction.