Metastatic brain abscess is a complication of which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: At functional residual capacity (FRC), the lung-thorax system rests (D), with lung recoil inward (C) balanced by chest wall recoil outward (B) . FRC is ~2.5-3 L, roughly 50% of TLC (~6 L), not 75% (A), making A false. At FRC, intrapleural pressure is -5 cm H2O, and alveolar pressure equals atmospheric (0 cm H2O). B's outward chest recoil is true, opposing C's inward lung pull, stabilizing D's rest state. A's exaggeration 75% TLC (~4.5 L) overshoots FRC's role as post-expiratory equilibrium, where diaphragm relaxes and no airflow occurs, per physiology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Residual volume (RV) stays constant lifelong (D) (Page 4, Ans: D). RV (~1.2 L) is air left after maximal expiration, not tidal (A, false tidal ends at FRC, ~2.5 L). COPD increases RV (B, false) via air trapping (hyperinflation, TLC > 6 L). Fibrosis reduces RV (C, false) by stiffening lungs (TLC < 6 L, Q1). D's stability set by lung structure, not age holds unless disease alters elasticity or recoil (normal 20-25% TLC). Unlike A's confusion with FRC or B's obstructive error, D reflects physiology's baseline, per spirometry standards.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Intrapleural pressure is always less than atmospheric (D) . At rest (FRC), it's -5 cm H2O (755 mmHg vs. 760 mmHg); inspiration drops it to -7 cm H2O, aiding lung expansion. A's only inspiration' is false it's always negative. B's equality occurs in pneumothorax (Q11). C's definition fits transpulmonary pressure, not intrapleural alone. D's consistency unlike A's limit maintains lung inflation, per pleural mechanics (Q60).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Surfactant isn't deficient in term neonates . Type II cells mature by 36 weeks, producing surfactant (Q26). It causes hysteresis (A, true), easing inspiration vs. expiration. It doesn't raise resistance (B, false) it lowers work (Q9). Edema prevention (D) is indirect via stability, not primary. C's term-neonate claim unlike A's lung behavior contradicts physiology; deficiency is preterm (IRDS, Q5).