Match the following: 665. Aspiration pneumonia

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aspiration pneumonia ties to debilitation in elderly (C) impaired swallow (e.g., stroke) aspirates oropharyngeal bacteria (e.g., anaerobes), causing right lower lobe infection. Collaterals (A) are SVCS. Tracheal perforation (B) is mechanical. Elderly risk altered consciousness, dysphagia is key, guiding antibiotics and swallow therapy in nursing care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sickle cell anemia's sedimentation rate is diminished (C) sickled RBCs (HbS) resist stacking (rouleaux), slowing ESR (e.g., <10 mm/hr) despite inflammation. Unchanged (A) or accelerated (B) fits normal RBCs. Variable (D) lacks specificity. None' dismisses. Low ESR, despite crises, is key in nursing for distinguishing from other anemias.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Heavy chain disease (gamma G) a plasma cell dyscrasia (B) overproduces IgG heavy chains (e.g., Franklin's disease), causing lymphadenopathy, unlike Hodgkin's (A lymphoma). Thrombocytopenia (C) or hypersensitivity (D) don't fit marrow-based. None' denies. Dyscrasia's monoclonal protein is key, guiding nursing for electrophoresis and immunosuppression.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is best treated with splenectomy (B) removing the spleen (e.g., post-10 years) stops hemolysis (e.g., Hb >10 g/dL), curing anemia. Transfusion (A) is temporary. Thymectomy (C) or irradiation (D) are irrelevant. None' denies. Splenectomy's efficacy is key, guiding nursing for vaccines and infection risk education.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sickle cell crisis mimics acute appendicitis (B) vaso-occlusive pain (e.g., RLQ) overlaps with peritoneal irritation, confusing diagnosis. Rheumatic fever (A) causes arthritis, carditis. Leukemia (C) brings fatigue, bleeding. Appendicitis's acute abdomen is key, guiding nursing for imaging (e.g., US) and pain differentiation.