ATI LPN
Exam Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Match the following: 664. Mediastinal emphysema
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mediastinal emphysema air in mediastinum stems from tracheal perforation (B), e.g., trauma or barotrauma, leaking air (crunching sound, Hamman's sign). Collaterals (A) fit SVCS. Elderly debilitation (C) is nonspecific. Perforation's air escape is key, needing urgent imaging (e.g., CT), guiding intervention in chest emergencies.
Question 2 of 5
In idiopathic thrombocytopenia, the initial treatment should be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) immune platelet destruction starts with glucocorticoids (E e.g., prednisone 1 mg/kg), raising counts (e.g., >50,000/μL) by blocking phagocytosis. Transfusion (A) is for bleeding. Testosterone (B) is obsolete. Splenectomy (C) is second-line. 6-MP (D) is leukemia-related. Steroids' efficacy is key in nursing for rapid response and monitoring purpura.
Question 3 of 5
The main complication of acute leukemia are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute leukemia's main complications are infection and bleeding (D) marrow replacement by blasts (e.g., >20%) drops neutrophils (<500/μL) and platelets (<20,000/μL), risking sepsis and hemorrhage (e.g., CNS bleed). Seizures (A) or fractures (B) are secondary. Splenic rupture (C) is rare. None' dismisses. Infection and bleeding dominate, key in nursing for antibiotics, transfusions, and isolation.
Question 4 of 5
Anemia with persistent reticulocytosis and nucleated red cells in the peripheral blood in the absence of blood loss should make one suspicious of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Persistent reticulocytosis (e.g., >2%) and nucleated RBCs without bleeding suggest hemolytic anemia (C) RBC destruction (e.g., sickle cell, Hb <10 g/dL) drives marrow response. Folate deficiency (A) is macrocytic, not nucleated. Chronic anemia (B) lacks reticulocytosis. Marrow failure (D) reduces output. All' overstates. Hemolysis's compensatory erythropoiesis is key, guiding nursing for haptoglobin and LDH checks.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is true of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) true: prolonged bleeding time (A low platelets, e.g., <50,000/μL, delay clot formation). Prothrombin (B) is normal coagulation intact. Retraction (C) slows with low platelets. Not always viral (D idiopathic common). Rumpel-Leede is positive petechiae form. Bleeding time's prolongation is key, guiding nursing for steroids and hemorrhage watch.