ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Match the following: 624. Ventilation - perfusion ratio inequality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) inequality mismatched air and blood flow can cause both hypercapnia and hypocapnia (C). Low V/Q (e.g., pneumonia) traps COâ‚‚, raising PaCOâ‚‚ (hypercapnia). High V/Q (e.g., pulmonary embolism) over-ventilates, dropping COâ‚‚ (hypocapnia). Hypercapnia' (A) or hypocapnia' (B) alone ignores dual potential. Neither' (D) denies impact. V/Q mismatch, assessed via A-a gradient or scans, disrupts gas exchange, critical in diagnosing shunt or dead space, guiding oxygen or thrombolytic therapy in chest emergencies.
Question 2 of 5
A well developed male had on routine examination an RBCs of 8 million, hemoglobin of 18 grams, hematocrit of 61, with normal leucocytes, thrombocytes & O2 saturation. There was no splenic enlargement. What test might give a clue to the probable diagnosis:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For polycythemia (RBC 8M, Hb 18 g/dL, Hct 61%), intravenous pyelogram (C) clues diagnosis renal tumors (e.g., hypernephroma) cause secondary polycythemia via erythropoietin, no splenomegaly fits. Splenic aspirate (A) targets primary PV. Scalene biopsy (B) checks lymphoma. LE test (D) is lupus, unrelated. Bronchoscopy assesses lung. IVP screens renal etiology, key in nursing for imaging prep and erythropoietin assay.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is not correct concerning aplastic anemia:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aplastic anemia marrow failure lacks usually associated with splenomegaly' (C); spleen enlarges in hemolysis, not aplasia pancytopenia (low platelets, B) reflects marrow hypoplasia (D), often drug-induced (A, e.g., chloramphenicol) or idiopathic (E, 50%). C's falsehood contrasts aplasia's etiology, key in nursing for avoiding splenomegaly confusion and focusing on transfusion or transplant.
Question 4 of 5
In which of these disease is there not a high incidence of peptic ulcer:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary emphysema lacks a high peptic ulcer incidence no direct mechanism links obstructive lung disease to gastric ulceration. Cirrhosis (A) increases ulcers via portal hypertension or coagulopathy. Cushing's (B) raises cortisol, eroding mucosa. Hyperparathyroidism (C) boosts acid via hypercalcemia. Pernicious anemia (D) ties to gastritis, not ulcers directly. Emphysema's respiratory focus spares GI, key in nursing for differential symptom management e.g., dyspnea vs. epigastric pain.
Question 5 of 5
In contemporary transfusion practice, the commonest cause of life threatening reaction is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ABO incompatibility (C) is the commonest life-threatening transfusion reaction mismatched antigens (e.g., A to O) cause acute hemolysis (e.g., Hb drop, renal failure), with 1:40,000 risk. Contamination (A) is rare with screening. Rh (B) or WBC reactions are milder. Allergy (D) is non-hemolytic. ABO's severity is key, guiding nursing for crossmatch checks and reaction management.