ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions and Answers on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Match the description 'Passively permeable to water' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The descending limb (B) is passively permeable to water, allowing concentration via medullary osmosis. The proximal tubule (A) uses active sodium transport, collecting duct (C) requires ADH, and ascending limb (D) is impermeable, making B correct.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone is made in the adrenal cortex (D), not hypothalamus/pituitary, making it incorrect. Na⺠reabsorption (A), K⺠secretion (B), and water effects (C) are true, so D is the error.
Question 3 of 5
After obtaining the health history for a 25-year-old who smokes two packs of cigarettes daily, the nurse will plan to do teaching about the increased risk for
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer (B), linked to carcinogens in urine. Stones (A), infections (C), and interstitial cystitis (D) have other causes, making B the priority teaching.
Question 4 of 5
A patient undergoes a nephrectomy after having massive trauma to the kidney. Which assessment finding obtained postoperatively is most important to communicate to the surgeon?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low urine output (20 mL/hr, C) post-nephrectomy suggests renal perfusion issues (e.g., bleeding), critical to report. BP (A) needs monitoring, pain (B) is manageable, and crackles (D) are less urgent, making C the priority.
Question 5 of 5
A male patient in the clinic provides a urine sample that is red-orange in color. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A red-orange color in the urine is normal with some over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as phenazopyridine. The color is not expected with urinary tract infection, is not a sign that poor technique was used in obtaining the specimen and does not need to be communicated to the health care provider until further assessment is done.