ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on the Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Match the description 'Passively permeable to water under ADH stimulation' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The collecting duct (C) becomes water-permeable with ADH via aquaporin-2, concentrating urine. The proximal tubule (A) and descending limb (B) are always permeable, and ascending limb (D) is not, making C the ADH-dependent match.
Question 2 of 5
The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PCT (B) reabsorbs ~65% of filtrate (water, ions, nutrients) due to its surface area and transporters. Renal capsule (A) is structural, collecting duct (C) adjusts, and ascending limb (D) dilutes, making B the majority site.
Question 3 of 5
A 78-year-old who has been admitted to the hospital with dehydration is confused and incontinent of urine. Which nursing action will be best to include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scheduled toileting every 2 hours (D) prevents incontinence in confused elderly patients, promoting dignity and reducing risks. Pads (A) risk skin issues, catheters (C) increase UTI risk, and fluid restriction (B) worsens dehydration, making D best.
Question 4 of 5
Which assessment finding for a patient who has had a cystectomy with an ileal conduit the previous day is most important for the nurse to communicate to the physician?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia (102 beats/min, C) may signal infection or hemorrhage post-cystectomy, requiring urgent reporting. Cloudy urine (A) and drainage (D) are normal, and hypotonic sounds (B) are expected, making C most critical.
Question 5 of 5
A female patient being admitted with pneumonia has a history of neurogenic bladder due to a spinal cord injury. Which action will the nurse plan to take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before planning any interventions, the nurse should complete the assessment and determine the patient's normal bladder pattern and the usual measures used by the patient at home. Other responses may be appropriate, but until the assessment is complete, an individualized plan for the patient cannot be developed.