ATI LPN
Renal System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; water follows passively' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the proximal convoluted tubule (A), sodium is actively transported out, and water follows passively via osmosis due to osmotic gradients. The descending limb (B) is water-permeable, ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium without water, and collecting duct (C) adjusts water with ADH, making A the match.
Question 2 of 5
True or False: The significant presence of red blood cells in the urine is normal and healthy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Red blood cells in urine (hematuria) indicate pathology (e.g., infection, stones), not normal health (B). True (A) contradicts this clinical sign, making False correct.
Question 3 of 5
A 32-year-old patient is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which information is most appropriate for the nurse to include in teaching at this time?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At 32, genetic counseling (A) is vital for polycystic kidney disease (autosomal dominant) due to reproductive implications. Transplantation (B), pain (C), and dialysis (D) are later concerns, making A most relevant now.
Question 4 of 5
Following an open loop resection and fulguration of the bladder, a patient is unable to void. Which nursing action should be implemented first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A sitz bath (B) relaxes perineal muscles post-surgery, promoting voiding as the first non-invasive step. Catheterization (A) risks UTI, fluids (C) don't address retention, and exercises (D) are preventive, making B the initial action.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a hospitalized patient with a decreased glomerular filtration rate who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which action will be included in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with impaired renal function are at risk for decreased renal function after IVP because the contrast medium used is nephrotoxic, so the nurse should monitor the patient's urine output. MAC sedation and retention catheterization are not required for the procedure. The contrast medium is given IV, not orally.