ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; impermeable to water' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium via Na/K/2Cl pumps and is impermeable to water, diluting filtrate. The proximal tubule (A) reabsorbs water, descending limb (B) is water-permeable, and collecting duct (C) varies with ADH, making D the match.
Question 2 of 5
The main solute component of urine is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urea (A), a nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism, is the primary solute in urine (~50% of solids). Glucose (B) is absent normally, agglutin (C) is invalid, and urobilinogen (D) is minor, making A correct.
Question 3 of 5
When assessing a 30-year-old man who complains of a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying and a split, spraying urine stream, the nurse asks about a history of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Symptoms suggest urethral stricture, a complication of gonococcal urethritis (C). Bladder infection (A) causes dysuria, trauma (B) isn't indicated, and BPH (D) is age-related, making C the likely history.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse observes nursing assistive personnel (NAP) taking the following actions when caring for a patient with a retention catheter. Which action requires that the nurse intervene?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Disconnecting the catheter (D) increases UTI risk by breaking sterility, requiring nurse intervention. Taping (A), cleaning (B), and hand hygiene (C) are appropriate, making D the action to stop.
Question 5 of 5
Which nursing action is essential for a patient immediately after a renal biopsy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pressure dressing is applied, and the patient is kept on the affected side for 30 to 60 minutes to put pressure on the biopsy side and decrease the risk for bleeding. The blood glucose and BUN/creatinine will not be affected by the biopsy. Although monitoring for hematuria is needed, there is no need for catheterization.