Manifestations of an allergic reaction- histamine release causes which of following reactions?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased mucus secretion- histamine release; neurotransmitter the body produces during an allergic reaction. Histamine release during an allergic reaction triggers the production of mucus to protect the airways from allergens. This increased mucus secretion helps to expel the allergen and reduce inflammation in the airways. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because histamine does not cause bronchial dilation (A), decreased heart rate (C), or skin dryness and flaking (D) during an allergic reaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because taking naproxen with aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding and gastrointestinal ulceration due to their similar mechanisms of action. Mixing NSAIDs like naproxen with aspirin can lead to serious side effects. Choice A is incorrect because crushing naproxen can affect its effectiveness and should not be done without consulting a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as taking naproxen with food may help reduce stomach upset but it is not a requirement. Choice D is incorrect because black stools are a potential side effect of naproxen and should be reported, but it is not the most important concern in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Genetic. Primary immunodeficiencies are inherited disorders caused by genetic mutations affecting the immune system. These mutations can lead to deficiencies in various components of the immune system, such as T cells, B cells, phagocytes, and complement proteins. IgM (A) and antibodies (C) are components of the immune system but do not represent the mechanism through which primary immunodeficiencies are passed. B cells (B) are involved in the immune response but are not the mechanism of inheritance for primary immunodeficiencies. Therefore, the most accurate and comprehensive explanation is that primary immunodeficiencies are passed through genetic mechanisms due to inherited genetic mutations affecting the immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Leukaemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Leukaemia specifically affects the white blood cells, disrupting their normal production and function. This leads to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which can crowd out healthy cells. The other choices are incorrect because leukaemia is not a cancer of the blood vessels (A), an infection (C), or a cancer of the stomach (D). Understanding the nature of leukaemia as a cancer of the blood or bone marrow is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is more commonly seen in women, with a female to male ratio of 9:1. This is due to hormonal and genetic factors that predispose women to autoimmune diseases like SLE. Women of childbearing age are at the highest risk. Men and children are less commonly affected by SLE compared to women. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Women.