ATI LPN
Immune System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Major immunoglobulin in human serum (80% of pool)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: IgG. IgG is the major immunoglobulin in human serum, comprising about 80% of the pool. IgA is mainly found in mucosal secretions, IgD is involved in B cell activation, and IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection. IgG is the most abundant and versatile immunoglobulin, providing long-term immunity through neutralization, opsonization, and complement activation. Its high concentration in serum makes it crucial for defending against various pathogens.
Question 2 of 5
A pediatric nurse is working with an interdisciplinary team and parents to care for a 6-month-old client who has recently been diagnosed with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Which treatment is likely of most benefit to this client's type of primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In SCID, there is a deficiency in immune cell development. HSCT replaces defective stem cells with healthy ones, restoring immune function. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy (option A) can further weaken the immune system. Antibiotic therapy (option B) treats infections but doesn't address the underlying immune deficiency. Colony-stimulating factors (option D) are used to stimulate production of specific blood cells, not a comprehensive immune system reconstitution like HSCT.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is working with a client who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. This client will be considered to have AIDS when the CD4+ Tlymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 200 cells/mm3 of blood. This is the threshold at which an HIV-positive individual is considered to have AIDS. When the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3, the immune system is significantly compromised, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the established CD4+ T-cell count threshold for an AIDS diagnosis.
Question 4 of 5
A client has come into contact with HIV. As a result, HIV glycoproteins have fused with the client's CD4+ T-cell membranes. This process characterizes what phase in the HIV life cycle?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Attachment. This phase in the HIV life cycle involves the fusion of HIV glycoproteins with the client's CD4+ T-cell membranes. This initial step allows the virus to bind to the host cell and gain entry for further infection. Integration (A) refers to the stage where the viral DNA is inserted into the host cell genome. Cleavage (C) involves the processing of viral proteins by host cell enzymes. Budding (D) is the final step where new viral particles are released from the host cell membrane. Thus, the fusion of glycoproteins with the host cell membrane is specifically known as the Attachment phase.
Question 5 of 5
The patient who underwent a bone biopsy yesterday calls the office thinking something is wrong. Which of the following would be cause for concern by the nurse? SATA:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because swelling and redness at the biopsy site can indicate infection, which is a serious concern post-procedure. Red streaks (B) also suggest infection, but swelling and redness are more immediate signs. A low-grade fever (C) is common after a biopsy and may not necessarily indicate a problem. Pain (D) is expected after a biopsy and doesn't necessarily signify a complication. Therefore, choice A is the most concerning symptom that requires prompt attention.