ATI LPN
Immune System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Asia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phlebotomus species. Visceral leishmaniasis is transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in Asia. These sandflies are the main vectors for the parasite that causes the disease. Phlebotomus species are known to transmit Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Lutzomyia species (B) are primarily found in the Americas and are more commonly associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Anopheles species (C) are known vectors for malaria, not visceral leishmaniasis. Mansonia species (D) are associated with transmitting various viruses, not Leishmania parasites. Therefore, the correct answer is A as Phlebotomus species are the main vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Asia.
Question 2 of 5
Client with platelet count of 58,000/mm³. Best action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place on safety precautions. With a platelet count of 58,000/mm³, the client is at risk for bleeding due to thrombocytopenia. Safety precautions include measures to prevent injury and bleeding, such as using soft-bristled toothbrushes, avoiding sharp objects, and maintaining a safe environment. Encouraging high-protein foods (choice A) is not directly related to managing low platelet count. Neutropenic precautions (choice B) are for clients with low white blood cell counts, not platelet issues. Limiting visitors (choice C) may reduce infection risk but does not address the bleeding risk associated with low platelet count.
Question 3 of 5
A pediatric nurse is working with an interdisciplinary team and parents to care for a 6-month-old client who has recently been diagnosed with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Which treatment is likely of most benefit to this client's type of primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In SCID, there is a deficiency in immune cell development. HSCT replaces defective stem cells with healthy ones, restoring immune function. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy (option A) can further weaken the immune system. Antibiotic therapy (option B) treats infections but doesn't address the underlying immune deficiency. Colony-stimulating factors (option D) are used to stimulate production of specific blood cells, not a comprehensive immune system reconstitution like HSCT.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is working with a client who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. This client will be considered to have AIDS when the CD4+ Tlymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 200 cells/mm3 of blood. This is the threshold at which an HIV-positive individual is considered to have AIDS. When the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3, the immune system is significantly compromised, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the established CD4+ T-cell count threshold for an AIDS diagnosis.
Question 5 of 5
A client has come into contact with HIV. As a result, HIV glycoproteins have fused with the client's CD4+ T-cell membranes. This process characterizes what phase in the HIV life cycle?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Attachment. This phase in the HIV life cycle involves the fusion of HIV glycoproteins with the client's CD4+ T-cell membranes. This initial step allows the virus to bind to the host cell and gain entry for further infection. Integration (A) refers to the stage where the viral DNA is inserted into the host cell genome. Cleavage (C) involves the processing of viral proteins by host cell enzymes. Budding (D) is the final step where new viral particles are released from the host cell membrane. Thus, the fusion of glycoproteins with the host cell membrane is specifically known as the Attachment phase.