ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Lung compliance increases with:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: asthma doesn't inherently increase compliance (lung stiffness), but options like emphysema (chronic asthma complication) do via loss of elastic recoil (compliance rises, e.g., 300 mL/cm Hâ‚‚O). Choice B (edema) decreases compliance (stiffer lungs). Choice C (hypertension) affects vessels, not compliance directly. Choice D (atelectasis) and E (fibrosis) reduce compliance (collapse, scarring). Asthma's acute bronchoconstriction doesn't alter compliance, but chronic changes mimic emphysema's high compliance, making A the relative increase among options.
Question 2 of 5
With regard to anatomic dead space, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bohr's method calculates physiological dead space (VD = VT · (PaCO₂ - PECO₂) / PaCO₂), not anatomic (Fowler's N₂ washout does). Choice B is true (≈150 mL). ' deep breaths stretch airways. Choice D is accurate (≈2 mL/kg). Choice E (conducting zone) is true. A's methodological error makes it the exception.
Question 3 of 5
Regarding ventilation / perfusion (V/Q) relationships, which statement is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: perfusion decreases more than ventilation from base to apex (gravity), making V/Q higher at apex (e.g., 3 vs. 0.6 at base). Choice A is true (apex V/Q ≈ 3). Choice B is correct (third rib ≈ 1). Choice D is accurate (whole lung ≈ 0.8). Choice E (exercise increases) is true. Ventilation gradient is less steep (4:1 base-to-apex) than perfusion (10:1), reversing C's claim, making it false.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following substances is NOT synthesised by the lung?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: serotonin (5-HT) is not synthesized by the lung it's produced by enterochromaffin cells and neurons, then removed by pulmonary endothelium (monoamine oxidase). Choice A (prostaglandins) is synthesized (e.g., PGIâ‚‚ by endothelium). Choice C (DPPC) is made by Type II pneumocytes (surfactant). Choice D (histamine) is produced by mast cells. Choice E (kallikrein) is lung-derived. The lung metabolizes serotonin but lacks tryptophan hydroxylase for synthesis, distinguishing B as the non-synthesized substance.
Question 5 of 5
Which adverse reaction should the nurse include in teaching a client who has received the influenza vaccine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sore muscle at the injection site is a common adverse reaction to the influenza vaccine, occurring due to local inflammation from the needle and immune response activation. It's typically mild, lasting a day or two, and aligns with expected side effects reported by the CDC. Rhinorrhea and low-grade fever are more associated with the live attenuated nasal spray vaccine, not the inactivated injectable form most adults receive. Hives and numbness suggest an allergic reaction, which is rare and requires immediate attention, not routine teaching. Malaise and myalgia can occur but are less frequent and specific than injection-site soreness. The nurse includes this reaction in teaching to prepare the client for a normal, self-limiting response, reducing anxiety and ensuring they distinguish it from severe symptoms needing medical follow-up, promoting vaccine acceptance.