Loss of a large volume of sweat will

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A. decrease the hematocrit B. decrease ADH production C. increase the blood pressure D. increase the osmolality of body fluids

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sweat loss reduces plasma volume, increasing osmolality.

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

A. ammonia B. bicarbonate ions C. phosphate ions D. all of the above

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All three (ammonia, bicarbonate, phosphate) buffer urine pH by binding H⁺.

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

A. asphyxia B. asthma C. severe emphysema D. hyperventilation

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hyperventilation lowers CO₂ raising pH and causing respiratory alkalosis.

untreated diabetes mellitus

A. respiratory acidosis B. respiratory alkalosis C. metabolic acidosis D. metabolic alkalosis

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Untreated diabetes causes ketoacidosis, a metabolic acidosis.

Water makes up % of the body's weight in a healthy adult.

A. 50 B. 60 C. 70 D. 80

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a healthy adult, water constitutes approximately 60% of body weight.

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