Levito Devin, The Italian prime minister, is due to retire next week. He feels depressed due to the enormous loss of influence, power, fame and fortune. What type of crisis is Devin experiencing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Devin's retirement depression reflects a maturational crisis (B), tied to life-stage transitions (e.g., aging, role loss), per Erikson. Situational (A) fits external events (e.g., disaster). Social (C) or phenomenal (D) aren't standard types. Maturational crises involve developmental shifts, matching Devin's loss, making B correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Effective (D) promotes satisfaction and progress by achieving relevant outcomes, per nursing goals. Organized/systematic (A) plans, humanistic (B) individualizes, efficient (C) saves. D ties to client-centric results, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Selecting the best method to measure body temperature depends on the client's condition and clinical context. This client recently underwent oral surgery, which likely involved trauma, incisions, or packing in the mouth, making the oral route (A) inappropriate due to potential discomfort, inaccuracy from inflammation, or risk of injury to surgical sites. The client's flushed and warm skin suggests a possible fever, requiring a reliable method. Axillary measurement (B) is non-invasive but less accurate (typically 0.5°C lower than core temperature) and may not reflect true systemic temperature in critical situations. An arterial line (C) is invasive, used for continuous monitoring in critical care, and not practical for routine temperature assessment. The rectal route (D) provides a core temperature reading (about 0.5°C higher than oral), is unaffected by oral surgery, and is reliable for detecting fever in this scenario. Despite being slightly more invasive, it ensures accuracy when oral access is compromised, making D the best choice for this post-surgical client with signs of fever.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute pain has sudden onset (A), is well-defined (B), and ties to specific injury (C), per pain classification. Lasting over 6 months (D) defines chronic pain, not acute typically under 3-6 months. D contradicts acute pain's short-term nature, making it the correct non-characteristic based on standard medical delineation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Home care includes family (A), is less expensive than hospitals (C), and is individualized (D), per home care norms. Equipments needed are expensive (B) isn't universally true basic needs (e.g., bed, oxygen) aren't always costly. B's assumption fails context, making it the untrue statement.