ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Least present immunoglobulin?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is IgE (Choice C) as it is the least present immunoglobulin in the body. IgE is primarily involved in allergic responses and defense against parasites. IgA (Choice A) is present in mucosal linings, IgD (Choice B) is involved in the activation of B cells, and IgM (Choice D) is the first antibody produced in response to an infection. Therefore, IgE is the least abundant immunoglobulin compared to the other choices.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disease informs the nurse that the client has been experiencing a new onset of a dry cough and occasional shortness of breath. After determining that the client's vital signs are within reference ranges, what action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assess the client for signs and symptoms of infection. 1. Given the client's primary immunodeficiency disease, they are at increased risk for infections. 2. The new onset of a dry cough and shortness of breath could indicate a respiratory infection. 3. Vital signs being within reference ranges do not rule out an underlying infection. 4. Assessing for signs of infection allows for timely intervention and treatment. Summary: A: Administering a nebulized bronchodilator is not appropriate without assessing for infection first. B: Performing oral suctioning is not indicated based on the client's symptoms. D: Teaching deep breathing and coughing exercises may be helpful, but assessing for infection is the priority.
Question 3 of 5
A client's current antiretroviral regimen includes enfuvirtide (T-20). What dietary counseling will the nurse provide based on the client's medication regimen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Take this medication without regard to meals. Enfuvirtide is administered by injection and should be taken with or without food. It is not affected by food intake, so there is no specific dietary counseling needed. A: Avoiding high-fat meals is not necessary for enfuvirtide. B: There is no need to limit fluid intake for this medication. C: Limiting sodium intake is not specifically related to enfuvirtide therapy. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because enfuvirtide does not require any specific dietary restrictions or recommendations.
Question 4 of 5
A client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is admitted to the hospital because of chronic severe diarrhea. The nurse caring for this client should expect the health care provider to prescribe which medication for the management of the client's diarrhea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Octreotide acetate. Octreotide is used to manage severe diarrhea in HIV patients by reducing gastrointestinal secretions. It inhibits the release of serotonin and other hormones that contribute to diarrhea. Fluoxetine (A) is an antidepressant and not indicated for diarrhea. Levofloxacin (C) is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not for diarrhea. Valganciclovir (D) is an antiviral used for cytomegalovirus infections in HIV patients, but not for diarrhea management. Therefore, Octreotide acetate is the appropriate choice for this client's chronic severe diarrhea.
Question 5 of 5
When a client is diagnosed with aplastic anemia, the nurse monitors for changes in which of the following physiological functions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bleeding tendencies. Aplastic anemia is characterized by decreased production of blood cells, leading to a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. Monitoring for changes in bleeding tendencies is crucial to assess the severity of the condition and intervene promptly if necessary. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia. Tracking intake and output is important for renal function, peripheral sensation for neurological assessment, and bowel function for gastrointestinal health, but they are not primary concerns in managing aplastic anemia.