ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Laboratory Studies: Red Cell Indices: Determination of relative size of RBC. 82-98 fl
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume). MCV measures the average volume of red blood cells, with the normal range being 82-98 fl. This parameter helps in determining the size of red blood cells. MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) measures the average amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells, not size. MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) measures the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells, not size. RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) measures the variation in red blood cell size, not the average size. Therefore, MCV is the correct choice for determining the relative size of red blood cells.
Question 2 of 5
Patients that are sensitive to aspirin can take:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clopidogrel. Patients sensitive to aspirin can take clopidogrel as it is an antiplatelet agent that works differently from aspirin, making it suitable for those who cannot tolerate aspirin. Sulfinpyrazone and ticlopidine are not recommended for patients sensitive to aspirin due to potential cross-reactivity. Choice D is incorrect as sulfinpyrazone is not recommended for aspirin-sensitive patients.
Question 3 of 5
Absolute lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia (<100,000/mm^3) with or without lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or anemia is what stage in CLL prognosis Scoring-Rai Staging System?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Stage III in the Rai Staging System for CLL prognosis. In CLL, Stage III is characterized by absolute lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia (<100,000/mm^3), and one or more of the following: lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or anemia. This stage indicates advanced disease with more aggressive features and a poorer prognosis compared to earlier stages. Explanation of other choices: A: Stage 0 - This stage is characterized by lymphocytosis without any other symptoms or signs of disease progression. B: Stage I - In Stage I, there is lymphocytosis with lymphadenopathy. C: Stage II - In Stage II, there is lymphocytosis with hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly, without anemia or thrombocytopenia. Therefore, based on the presence of absolute lymphocytosis, thrombocytopen
Question 4 of 5
The shape of a cell is maintained by which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Microtubules. Microtubules are structural components of a cell that help maintain its shape by providing support and stability. They form a network of filaments that serve as tracks for organelle movement and help in cell division. Spindle fibers (choice B) are involved in cell division, ribosomes (choice C) are responsible for protein synthesis, and centrioles (choice D) play a role in organizing microtubules during cell division. However, only microtubules are directly responsible for maintaining the shape of a cell through their structural support function.
Question 5 of 5
The hexose monophosphate pathway activity increases the RBC source of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: NADPH and reduced glutathione. In the hexose monophosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate is converted to ribose-5-phosphate and generates NADPH. NADPH is essential for maintaining cellular redox balance and for reducing oxidized glutathione to its reduced form, which helps protect against oxidative damage in RBCs. Choice A (Glucose and lactic acid) is incorrect because the pathway does not directly produce these compounds. Choice B (2,3-BPG and methemoglobin) is incorrect as these are not products of the hexose monophosphate pathway. Choice D (ATP and other purine metabolites) is incorrect because the main products of the pathway are NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate, not ATP or purine metabolites.