Kubler-Ross's five successive stages of death and dying are:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order is denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Myra Levine's Conservation Model, from the 1960s, outlines four principles energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, social integrity to maintain wholeness. For example, conserving energy in a fatigued patient via rest preserves function. Unlike Leininger's cultural care, Orlando's interaction focus, or Parse's existential lens, Levine's principles guide nurses to protect patient unity, influencing holistic care strategies in clinical settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Dark Period (16th-18th centuries) began with Martin Luther's 1517 Reformation, challenging Catholicism e.g., closing church-run hospitals. Unlike Apprentice (religious care), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (formal training), this era saw nursing decline as prostitutes and slaves took over, marking a low point before professional revival.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A patient's chart is a secondary source compiled by others (e.g., past nurses' notes), not directly from the patient (primary). Tertiary sources (textbooks) or mixed classifications don't fit. Charts provide historical data e.g., prior vitals crucial for nursing continuity, per documentation standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Younger people have higher pulse rates e.g., 80-100 bpm vs. 60-80 in adults due to faster metabolism. Males post-puberty have lower rates (strength), digitalis slows (negative chronotropic), and lying lowers pulse (rest). Nurses note this e.g., pediatric norms per physiology.