ATI LPN
Renal System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Kidney produces urine by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urine formation involves ultrafiltration, reabsorption, and secretion processes.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is providing teaching to a client with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Which information should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should teach that family members can help with regular foot exams for a client with type 2 DM and peripheral neuropathy. Neuropathy reduces sensation, increasing injury risk, and self-inspection is challenging. Family assistance ensures early detection of cuts or ulcers, preventing complications like infection or amputation. Barefoot walking risks injury, heating pads can burn insensate skin, and prolonged soaking dries skin, making foot exams the safest, most effective advice.
Question 3 of 5
Where is the Macula Densa located & what is its function?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The macula densa is a group of specialized cells located in the distal tubule, part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), where the tubule contacts the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus. Its function is to act as chemoreceptors or osmoreceptors, sensing changes in sodium chloride concentration or osmolarity of the tubular fluid. These changes trigger signals that stimulate juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin, regulating blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This specific location and role distinguish it from the other options, making B correct.
Question 4 of 5
What is the denervation of the afferent supply to the urinary bladder characterized by?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Denervation of the afferent supply to the urinary bladder, as in conditions like Tabes Dorsalis, interrupts sensory input from stretch receptors. This results in loss of bladder sensations (e.g., urge to void) and reflex micturition, though smooth muscle retains intrinsic tone (atonic bladder). Urine retention with overflow (dribbling) occurs, distinguishing it from hypertonic or spastic states seen with efferent damage, making B the correct characterization.
Question 5 of 5
The glucose started to appear in the urine before the transport maximum is reached because?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose appears in urine before the overall Tmax (e.g., 375 mg/min) is reached because nephrons have varying Tmax values (splay). Some nephrons saturate earlier, spilling glucose while others still reabsorb, reflecting heterogeneity in reabsorption capacity. Complete reabsorption (B) occurs below Tmax, and tubular damage (D) isn't implied, making A correct.