Kenneth, 25 year old diagnosed with HIV felt that he had not lived up with God's expectation. He fears that in the course of his illness, God will be punitive and not be supportive. What kind of spiritual crisis is Kenneth experiencing? 1. Spiritual Pain 2. Spiritual Anxiety 3. Spiritual Guilt 4. Spiritual Despair

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Kenneth faces spiritual anxiety (2) and guilt (3). Anxiety stems from fear of divine punishment, and guilt from feeling he failed God's expectations, per spiritual distress frameworks. Spiritual pain (1) involves loss or meaning, not fear-based here. Despair (4) is hopelessness, not evident as he fears, not resigns. HIV's stigma amplifies 2 and 3, making B (2,3) correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Listening (B) is most effective for covert communication hidden feelings per Rogers, detecting subtle cues. Validation (A) confirms, evaluation (C) judges, clarification (D) seeks overt meaning. Listening uncovers the unspoken, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Client goals are specific, measurable, attainable, time-bound (A), per SMART criteria. General (B) lacks focus, C details criteria not truth, D is an example, not definition. A defines goal-setting, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nursing process (B) is a comprehensive, systematic framework used by nurses to deliver patient-centered care. It encompasses five steps: assessment (data collection), diagnosis (identifying health problems), planning (setting goals and interventions), implementation (carrying out the plan), and evaluation (assessing outcomes). This definition matches the description in the question as a rational, organized method applicable to individuals, families, groups, and communities. Assessment (A) is only the first step, not the entire method. Diagnosis (C) is a single phase focused on problem identification, while implementation (D) is the action phase, neither encompassing the full scope described. The nursing process integrates critical thinking and evidence-based practice to ensure holistic care, making B the accurate answer reflecting its broad, systematic nature.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Guided imagery diverts attention from pain by imagining a scene (A), per non-pharmacologic pain relief methods. Muscle contraction (B) is progressive relaxation, recalling pain (C) counterproductive, breathing with imagery (D) partial. A best captures its essence distraction via visualization validated by pain management studies, making it correct.