ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
It is the intrinsic capability of blood vessels to constrict when blood pressure is increased?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The myogenic mechanism is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle, including renal arterioles, to constrict when blood pressure rises, maintaining stable GFR. This autoregulation protects glomeruli from hypertension. Hormonal (A) and sympathetic (B) controls involve external signals, and tubuloglomerular feedback (D) adjusts via macula densa, making C the correct intrinsic process.
Question 2 of 5
Important source of buffer in CHRONIC metabolic acidosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In chronic metabolic acidosis, bone acts as an important buffer source, releasing calcium carbonate and phosphate to neutralize excess H⺠over days to weeks, compensating when bicarbonate (C) is depleted. Phosphate (A) and proteins (B) buffer acutely but are less significant long-term, making D correct for chronic states.
Question 3 of 5
Which statement by a patient with diabetes indicates an understanding of the medication insulin glargine injection (Lantus)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin with no peak, providing steady glucose control over 24 hours (D), unlike short-acting insulins. It doesn't cause weight loss (A), isn't restricted to night (B), and lasts far longer than six hours (C), making D the accurate understanding.
Question 4 of 5
The preceptor is reviewing functions of the urinary system with the nursing student. What statement made by the nursing student would demonstrate correct understanding of functions of the urinary system?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urea is indeed formed in the liver from protein metabolism and excreted by the kidneys (D), a correct urinary system function. EPO regulates red, not white, blood cells (A), renin release occurs with low pressure/flow (B), and low creatinine suggests healthy kidneys (C), making D the accurate statement.
Question 5 of 5
Concerning the THICK loop of Henle:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thick ascending loop uses a Na/K/2Cl pump to reabsorb salt (A), is impermeable to water/urea (B is false), and furosemide blocks this pump, producing dilute urine (C). A and C are true—salt is pumped out, furosemide dilutes urine—while B is incorrect, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.