It is hospital policy to assess and record a patient's heart rate before administering digoxin (Lanoxin). By auditing the nursing records to determine the frequency of compliance with this policy, the quality assessment and improvement committee is conducting:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Auditing compliance with heart rate checks before digoxin (to prevent bradycardia) is a process analysis (A), evaluating how well a procedure is followed. Quality analysis (B) is broader, system analysis (C) assesses infrastructure, and outcome analysis (D) focuses on results, making A the specific focus here.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The RAAS involves liver angiotensinogen, renal renin, and endothelial ACE (A, true), but angiotensin II, not just aldosterone, stimulates thirst/appetite (B is false), and AII increases sodium reabsorption (C, true). Only A is unequivocally correct—system components are accurate—while B is wrong and C is partial, making A the answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Keeping the drainage tubing and bag below the bladder (D) uses gravity to ensure continuous urine flow, preventing reflux and infection, a universal Foley care principle. Level positioning (A) hinders drainage, Neosporin irrigation (B) isn't routine and risks resistance, and clamping (C) disrupts flow and bladder function, making D the primary, evidence-based intervention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The PCT has simple cuboidal epithelium (D) with microvilli for reabsorption. Stratified squamous (A) is in skin, transitional (B) in bladder, and ciliated columnar (C) in airways, making D correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion (D), reducing urine volume by retaining water. Decreased K⁺ (A), increased Na⁺ (B), or more output (C) oppose this, making D correct.