ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Isozymes of 2C can greatly affect warfarin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Isozymes of 2C, specifically CYP2C9, play a crucial role in metabolizing warfarin. Variants of CYP2C9 can lead to variations in warfarin metabolism, affecting its efficacy and risk of bleeding. Therefore, isozymes of 2C can significantly impact warfarin therapy. Choice B (FALSE) is incorrect because multiple studies have shown the impact of CYP2C9 isozymes on warfarin metabolism. Choice C (Sometimes) is vague and does not acknowledge the consistent influence of CYP2C9 on warfarin. Choice D (Only in high doses) is incorrect as CYP2C9 variants affect warfarin metabolism irrespective of the dose administered.
Question 2 of 5
After the microscope has been adjusted for Kohler illumination, light intensity should never be regulated by using the...
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After adjusting for Kohler illumination, the light intensity should not be regulated through the condenser because it is meant to adjust the focus and light distribution, not intensity. The correct way to regulate light intensity is through the rheostat, not the condenser. Using a neutral density filter can help reduce light intensity, but it is not the primary method for regulation in Kohler illumination. Kohler magnifier is not used for light intensity regulation but for viewing the image.
Question 3 of 5
The layer of the erythrocyte membrane that is largely responsible for the shape, structure, and deformability of the cell is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peripheral protein. Peripheral proteins are located on the surface of the erythrocyte membrane and play a crucial role in maintaining cell shape, structure, and deformability. They interact with the cytoskeleton to support the membrane's integrity. Integral proteins (choice A) are embedded within the lipid bilayer but do not directly impact cell shape. Exterior lipids (choice B) are components of the membrane but do not have a primary role in determining cell structure. Interior lipids (choice D) are important for membrane fluidity but do not contribute significantly to cell shape and deformability.
Question 4 of 5
The enzyme deficiency in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway that is responsible for most cases of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pyruvate Kinase. This enzyme deficiency in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway leads to the accumulation of intermediates, causing red blood cell damage and hemolytic anemia. Pyruvate Kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, a crucial step in glycolysis. In contrast, choices A, B, and D are not directly related to the final step of glycolysis and do not lead to the accumulation of intermediates causing hemolytic anemia. Hexokinase is involved in the initial step of glycolysis, Phosphofructokinase in the committed step, and Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
Question 5 of 5
What would you expect to see on a bone marrow biopsy? (For the man in Q9)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Auer rods. A bone marrow biopsy in a patient with leukemia may show Auer rods, which are needle-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions found in myeloid cells. Auer rods are characteristic of acute myeloid leukemia. Smudge cells (choice A) are seen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Reed-Sternberg cells (choice C) are found in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lytic lesions (choice D) are seen in multiple myeloma, but are not typically identified on a bone marrow biopsy. Thus, Auer rods are the most likely finding on a bone marrow biopsy in a patient with leukemia.