ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Intravascular hemolysis is the result of trauma to RBCs while in the circulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Intravascular hemolysis occurs within blood vessels due to mechanical trauma. Step 2: Trauma to red blood cells (RBCs) while in circulation can lead to their destruction. Step 3: This destruction releases hemoglobin into the bloodstream. Step 4: The released hemoglobin can cause complications like kidney damage. Step 5: Therefore, intravascular hemolysis is the result of trauma to RBCs in circulation. Summary: Choice A is correct because trauma to RBCs in circulation can indeed lead to intravascular hemolysis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the process of intravascular hemolysis.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following gathers, organizes, and directs light through the specimen?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Condenser. The condenser gathers, organizes, and directs light through the specimen to improve contrast and resolution. It focuses the light onto the specimen, making it more visible. The other choices are incorrect because the ocular (A) is the eyepiece, the objective lens (B) magnifies the specimen, and the optical tube (D) holds the ocular and objective together.
Question 3 of 5
Name 3 signs or symptoms of immune thrombocytopenia purpura. (Choose one)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Easy bruising. Immune thrombocytopenia purpura is characterized by low platelet count, leading to easy bruising. Fever (A) and joint pain (C) are not typical symptoms of ITP. Hair loss (D) is not associated with this condition. Easy bruising is a key sign due to decreased platelets preventing proper blood clotting.
Question 4 of 5
What is the function of G6PD? (35-year-old male with G6PD deficiency)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: RBC protection against oxidative damage. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme plays a crucial role in protecting red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative damage by generating NADPH, which helps in neutralizing reactive oxygen species. G6PD deficiency leads to RBCs being more susceptible to oxidative stress, causing hemolysis. Choice A (Clotting factor production) is incorrect because G6PD is not directly involved in clotting factor production. Choice C (Platelet activation) is incorrect as G6PD deficiency does not affect platelet activation. Choice D (White cell proliferation) is incorrect as G6PD deficiency primarily affects RBCs, not white cell proliferation.
Question 5 of 5
A recipient of a 2-haplotype MHC-matched kidney from a relative still needs immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection because
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because minor histocompatibility antigens, which are not matched in a 2-haplotype MHC-matched kidney transplant from a relative, can still trigger an immune response leading to graft rejection. This is why immunosuppression is still necessary. A: Graft-versus-host disease would not be a problem in this scenario as the recipient is receiving a kidney transplant, not bone marrow. B: This choice is redundant with the correct answer. Matching minor histocompatibility antigens is crucial for reducing the risk of rejection. D: Complement components do not play a significant role in graft rejection in this context.