Informed consent must be validated as per the:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Informed consent is a fundamental patient right, often enshrined in documents like the U.S. Patients’ Bill of Rights (Choice B), which outlines autonomy, information disclosure, and decision-making capacity. Choice A (Minister of Health) and C (Chief Medical Officer) are roles, not legal frameworks, and Choice D (Public Health Act) may govern public health measures but not specifically validate consent processes, which are rooted in patient rights.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hib vaccine prevents *Haemophilus influenzae* type b infections, including epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway obstruction. MMR, HepB, and polio vaccines target unrelated diseases (measles/mumps/rubella, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis), none of which cause epiglottitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Anaphylaxis to a prior vaccine dose (Choice C) is a valid contraindication due to the risk of recurrence. Choice A (mild illness) is not a contraindication per CDC—vaccines can be given. Choices B and D (family circumstances) don’t affect the child’s eligibility unless the child is immunosuppressed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Absolute contraindications to DTaP include a prior anaphylactic reaction (Choice B) due to risk of recurrence, and encephalopathy within 7 days of a prior dose without another cause (Choice C), per CDC, as these indicate severe risk. Moderate/serious illness (Choice A) is a precaution, not an absolute bar—vaccination is delayed until recovery. Choice D (B or C) captures both contraindications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Preschoolers (3-5 years) are in Erikson’s Initiative vs. Guilt stage, exploring purpose. Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy), Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence), and Industry vs. Inferiority (school-age) don’t apply.