Information sources that provide data regarding nutritional supplement-drug interactions include:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because pharmacists offer practical advice, Medline provides research, and the Natural Medicines Database details supplement interactions—all are reliable sources. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's not comprehensive. Choice B is wrong by itself because it lacks specialized supplement focus. Choice C is incorrect solo since it misses clinical and research inputs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because opioids (e.g., oxycodone), benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam), and stimulants (e.g., Adderall) are frequently misused for euphoria or dependence, per DEA data. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one class. Choice B is wrong by itself because benzos are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since stimulants are only one group.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because enteric-coated tablets (altered absorption), extended-release formulations (disrupted timing), and capsules (uneven dosing) shouldn't be split, risking efficacy or toxicity. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one type. Choice B is wrong by itself because extended-release is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since capsules are only one category.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because pharmacists offer practical advice, Medline provides research, and the Natural Medicines Database details supplement interactions—all are reliable sources. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's not comprehensive. Choice B is wrong by itself because it lacks specialized supplement focus. Choice C is incorrect solo since it misses clinical and research inputs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because START (Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment) identifies underused beneficial drugs (e.g., statins) in the elderly, per guidelines. Choice A is incorrect as that's STOPP's role. Choice C is wrong because it's not about levels. Choice D is incorrect since only B fits.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because an IND filing is required before human testing (phase I trials) to ensure safety data from preclinical studies supports proceeding, per FDA rules. Choice A is incorrect as phase III completion is too late—IND precedes all human trials. Choice B is wrong because discovery alone doesn't trigger filing; preclinical data is needed. Choice C is incorrect since animal testing occurs before the IND, not after.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ginkgo biloba decreases blood viscosity, enhancing warfarin’s bleeding risk. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they don’t significantly affect bleeding with warfarin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because genetic polymorphisms, especially in cytochrome P450 enzymes, primarily affect drug metabolism, altering how drugs are broken down and influencing dosing needs. Choice A is incorrect as absorption is less genetically variable, more tied to physiology. Choice C is wrong because distribution depends on protein binding and blood flow, not polymorphisms directly. Choice D is incorrect since excretion is influenced by metabolism outcomes, not primarily genetic variation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because drug abuse manifests as behavioral changes (e.g., irritability), physical signs (e.g., weight loss), and withdrawal (isolation), per addiction criteria. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one sign. Choice B is wrong by itself because symptoms are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since withdrawal is only one indicator.