ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because limited pediatric studies mean less data on safety and efficacy, increasing ADR risk due to untested dosing and effects. Choice A is incorrect as immature renal function applies to infants, not school-age children specifically. Choice C is wrong because children's skin is thinner, not thicker, and this isn't the primary risk. Choice D is incorrect since infant muscle mass is lower, not higher, and not the key factor.
Question 2 of 9
A patient will begin taking two drugs that are both protein-bound. The primary care NP should:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because protein-bound drugs compete for albumin, requiring monitoring to adjust dosing. Choice A is incorrect as increasing doses without monitoring is risky. Choice C is wrong since dietary protein doesn’t affect this. Choice D is inaccurate as staggering doesn’t resolve binding issues.
Question 3 of 9
An NP learns that a 90-year-old patient is chronically constipated and has frequent problems with acid reflux. The NP notes a weight loss of 20 pounds in the previous 6 months. Which of the following drugs that this patient is taking is cause for concern?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because naproxen, highly protein-bound, can become toxic with low albumin from malnutrition, as seen in this patient’s weight loss. Choice A is incorrect as quinidine isn’t primarily protein-bound related. Choice C is wrong since calcium citrate isn’t affected this way. Choice D is inaccurate as calcium channel blockers have different concerns.
Question 4 of 9
When teaching a client who has a new prescription for metformin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting metformin is to increase fluid intake. This is crucial to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort, a common side effect of metformin. Adequate hydration helps reduce the risk of gastrointestinal upset and ensures the medication is well-tolerated. Option A is generally true for metformin but is not as essential as maintaining proper hydration. Option B is important but not directly related to starting metformin. Option D is incorrect as a metallic taste in the mouth is not typically associated with metformin.
Question 5 of 9
A client has a new prescription for verapamil. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to monitor their heart rate daily when taking verapamil. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can cause bradycardia, making it crucial to monitor the heart rate regularly to detect any changes promptly. Choice B, taking the medication at bedtime, is not specifically related to verapamil administration. Choice C, avoiding grapefruit juice, is more relevant to medications metabolized by CYP3A4 enzymes, not verapamil. Choice D, taking the medication with food, is not a specific instruction for verapamil, as it can be taken with or without food.
Question 6 of 9
Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because limited pediatric studies mean less data on safety and efficacy, increasing ADR risk due to untested dosing and effects. Choice A is incorrect as immature renal function applies to infants, not school-age children specifically. Choice C is wrong because children's skin is thinner, not thicker, and this isn't the primary risk. Choice D is incorrect since infant muscle mass is lower, not higher, and not the key factor.
Question 7 of 9
A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has a new prescription for enalapril. Which of the following findings should the professional report to the provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dry cough. A dry cough is a common side effect of enalapril that can indicate the development of angioedema or potentially life-threatening angioedema. An onset of dry cough should be reported to the provider promptly as it may require discontinuation of the medication to prevent further complications. Frequent urination, tremors, and dizziness are not typically associated with enalapril use and are less likely to be of immediate concern compared to a dry cough in this context.
Question 8 of 9
Anticholinergic effects in the elderly may lead to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because anticholinergic drugs block acetylcholine, causing constipation (GI slowing), cognitive impairment (brain effects), and urinary retention (bladder relaxation) in the elderly, per pharmacology. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one effect. Choice B is wrong by itself because cognition is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since retention is only one issue.
Question 9 of 9
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ensures that generic drugs:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because the FDA requires generics to have the same active ingredient, strength, and efficacy as brand-name drugs, ensuring therapeutic equivalence. Choice B is incorrect as cost isn't FDA-regulated—it's market-driven. Choice C is wrong because color can vary. Choice D is incorrect since only A is FDA-enforced.