In which of these disease is there not a high incidence of peptic ulcer:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pulmonary emphysema lacks a high peptic ulcer incidence no direct mechanism links obstructive lung disease to gastric ulceration. Cirrhosis (A) increases ulcers via portal hypertension or coagulopathy. Cushing's (B) raises cortisol, eroding mucosa. Hyperparathyroidism (C) boosts acid via hypercalcemia. Pernicious anemia (D) ties to gastritis, not ulcers directly. Emphysema's respiratory focus spares GI, key in nursing for differential symptom management e.g., dyspnea vs. epigastric pain.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Iron metabolism true: stored as hemosiderin/ferritin (A), transported by transferrin (B), slow depletion (D e.g., 3-5 years), diurnal variation (E e.g., 120 vs. 90 μg/dL) but C is false: ferrous (Fe²⁺) absorbs better than ferric (Fe³⁺), reduced in gut. C's error is key, guiding nursing for ferrous sulfate therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stage I Hodgkin's single node region treats with intensive irradiation (A e.g., 36 Gy), curing 90% by targeting lymphoma (e.g., mantle field). Surgery (B) is diagnostic. Chemo (C) is for advanced stages. None' (D), transfusion unfit. Radiation's efficacy is key, guiding nursing for planning and skin care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gold therapy (e.g., aurothiomalate) for rheumatoid arthritis common toxicities are dermatitis and stomatitis (C e.g., rash, mouth sores in 20-40%), from hypersensitivity. Nausea (A), agranulocytosis (B), thrombophlebitis (D), alopecia are rarer. Skin/mucosal effects are key, guiding nursing for monitoring and discontinuation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), or hyaline membrane disease, occurs in premature infants due to insufficient surfactant production by immature type II alveolar cells. Surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension (T), facilitating lung expansion. In IRDS, reduced surfactant leads to increased surface tension, causing alveoli to collapse (atelectasis) after each breath. This high tension decreases lung compliance (C), as the lungs become stiffer and harder to inflate, requiring greater pressure for ventilation. Consequently, collapsed alveoli impair gas exchange, reducing arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) below normal (hypoxemia), often to levels like 50-60 mmHg instead of the typical 75-100 mmHg. The correct combination increased T, decreased C, decreased PaO2 reflects the pathophysiology of IRDS, where surfactant deficiency drives a cascade of respiratory challenges. Other combinations, like increased compliance or unchanged PaO2, contradict the condition's mechanics, where stiff lungs and poor oxygenation are hallmark features.