In which of the following situations does one see large volumes of dilute urine produced?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Low ADH reduces water reabsorption, producing dilute urine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Normal blood plasma pH is 7.40, slightly alkaline.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Loss of gastric H⁺ raises pH, leading to metabolic alkalosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypoventilation retains CO₂ causing respiratory acidosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chloride is the primary extracellular anion, balancing sodium.