In which of the following diseases would bone marrow transplantation not be indicated in a newly diagnosed client?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, acute lymphocytic leukemia. In this disease, bone marrow transplantation is not indicated as it is a systemic cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow itself. Transplanting diseased bone marrow would not be effective in treating the underlying cancer. In contrast, severe aplastic anemia (A) and severe combined immunodeficiency (B) are conditions where bone marrow transplantation can help replace dysfunctional bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia (D) may also benefit from bone marrow transplantation as a treatment option to replace cancerous cells with healthy ones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inadequate production of white blood cells. Anemia is specifically related to red blood cells and hemoglobin, not white blood cells. White blood cells are part of the immune system and are responsible for fighting infections, not oxygen transport. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they directly impact red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels, which are essential for oxygen transport in the body. Blood loss leads to a decrease in red blood cells, excessive destruction of red blood cells reduces the total count, and inadequate production of red blood cells results in a low number of functional cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Blood clotting factor transfusions. This is the appropriate treatment for bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia as they lack certain clotting factors. Transfusing these missing clotting factors helps to stop the bleeding. Explanation: 1. Aspirin (Choice A) is not recommended for hemophilia patients as it can increase the risk of bleeding due to its antiplatelet effects. 2. Blood clotting drugs (Choice B) may not be as effective as transfusions of specific clotting factors in treating bleeding episodes in hemophilia. 3. Gene therapy (Choice C) is a promising treatment for hemophilia, but it is not yet widely available and may not be the immediate solution for acute bleeding episodes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inadequate production of Hb. Anemia is classified based on the underlying mechanism causing decreased hemoglobin levels. Inadequate production of hemoglobin is one of the classifications, encompassing conditions like iron deficiency anemia. Decreased RBC production (choice B) is a broader classification that includes various causes like bone marrow disorders. Increased erythrocyte destruction (choice C) refers to hemolytic anemias where red blood cells are destroyed prematurely. Blood loss (choice D) is a separate classification related to acute or chronic bleeding. Therefore, the correct answer specifically addresses the primary issue of insufficient hemoglobin production in anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Aplasia is not directly caused by riboflavin deficiency. Aplasia refers to the failure of an organ or tissue to develop or function normally, while riboflavin deficiency is associated with conditions like glossitis and cheilosis, not aplasia. Riboflavin deficiency primarily affects mucous membranes and skin, not organ development. Therefore, there is no direct causal relationship between riboflavin deficiency and aplasia. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they suggest a potential link between riboflavin deficiency and aplasia, which is not supported by scientific evidence.