ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
In which area of parenting do the parents of a child with a hematologic alteration need major assistance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Education. Parents of a child with a hematologic alteration need major assistance in education because they require guidance on understanding the condition, treatment options, potential complications, and how to manage the child's health effectively. This knowledge is crucial for ensuring the child receives appropriate medical care and support. Choice A (Nutrition) may be important but not necessarily the primary concern in this case. Choice B (Discipline) is important for parenting in general but not specifically related to managing a hematologic alteration. Choice D (Sleep) is also important but not as critical as education in this context.
Question 2 of 5
A school-age child with hemophilia falls on the playground and goes to the nurse’s office with superficial bleeding above the knee. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apply pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes. In hemophilia, the blood clotting process is impaired, so applying pressure helps control bleeding by promoting clot formation. This prevents excessive blood loss and reduces the risk of complications. Applying a warm, moist pack (A) can worsen bleeding by dilating blood vessels. Performing passive range of motion (B) can exacerbate bleeding by increasing blood flow. Keeping the affected extremity dependent (D) can cause pooling of blood and prolong bleeding. Therefore, applying pressure is the most appropriate action.
Question 3 of 5
A client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Tissue Perfusion. Which action is inappropriate for this nursing diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Elevating the client's knees on the bed or with a pillow is inappropriate for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion in a client with DIC because it can potentially worsen perfusion by hindering blood flow. Elevating the knees can lead to decreased blood circulation to the lower extremities, exacerbating tissue perfusion issues. Monitoring the client's level of consciousness and mental status (A), minimizing the use of tape on the client's skin (C), and assessing extremity pulses, warmth, and capillary refill (D) are appropriate actions for managing Ineffective Tissue Perfusion in a client with DIC. These actions help in early detection of perfusion issues, preventing complications, and ensuring adequate tissue oxygenation.
Question 4 of 5
An adolescent is receiving methotrexate chemotherapy after undergoing limb-salvage surgery for osteogenic sarcoma. Which statement by the adolescent indicates understanding of the purpose of leucovorin therapy after the methotrexate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because leucovorin is used to reduce the toxic effects of methotrexate by "rescuing" normal cells. Methotrexate inhibits folic acid synthesis, affecting rapidly dividing cells. Leucovorin helps replenish folic acid levels in normal cells, reducing toxicity. Taking leucovorin every 6 hours for about the next 3 days after methotrexate administration ensures continuous protection. Statements A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not demonstrate an understanding of the timing and frequency required for leucovorin therapy to counteract the effects of methotrexate.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following nursing interventions can help prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting during chemo?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, administering an antiemetic 30 minutes before chemo. Antiemetics are medications specifically designed to prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting. Administering them before chemo helps to control these side effects. Other choices are incorrect because providing a high fiber diet (A) may not directly address nausea and vomiting, administering allopurinol (B) is not indicated for managing nausea and vomiting, and while increasing fluid intake (C) is important, it may not be as effective as an antiemetic in preventing these symptoms.