In what period of nursing does people believe in TREPHINING to drive evil forces away?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Intuitive Period (prehistory-6th century) saw trephining drilling skull holes to expel evil spirits causing illness, per Egyptian beliefs. Unlike the Dark Period (religious decline), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (formal training), this era relied on instinct and superstition, shaping early nursing's rudimentary care approaches.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neutropenia contraindicates rectal temp e.g., infection risk from low immunity unlike unconsciousness (manageable), NPO (irrelevant), or young children (common practice). Nurses avoid it in immunocompromised patients, opting for axillary, per infection control standards, prioritizing safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Parallax error occurs when eye level misaligns with the mercury meniscus e.g., higher eyes read lower (false low), lower eyes read higher. Eye-level accuracy is key. Nurses position e.g., at meniscus height for true BP, per measurement precision principles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Florence Nightingale crafted nursing's first theory in the 1850s, emphasizing environmental manipulation e.g., sanitation in Crimean War hospitals cut deaths. Hammurabi (laws), Alexander (conqueror), and Fabiola (caregiver) didn't theorize nursing. Her work, like 'Notes on Nursing,' formalized the profession, influencing modern practices like infection control. Recognized as nursing's founder, her environmental focus remains a bedrock, shaping its scientific and caring identity globally.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Apprentice Period (6th-19th centuries) saw Christian orders like Sisters of Charity nurse the sick, driven by faith e.g., plague care. Unlike Dark (decline), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (schools), this era fused religious duty with caregiving, laying nursing's compassionate, service-oriented foundation.