ATI LPN
Urinary System MCQ Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
In the glomerular filtration process, what substances are meticulously filtered from the bloodstream into the renal tubules?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glomerular filtration filters water and electrolytes (e.g., Naâº, Clâ») (B) from blood into the tubules, forming filtrate, while retaining large molecules like proteins and cells. Oxygen/COâ‚‚ (A) are respiratory, proteins (C) are blocked, and blood cells (D) stay in capillaries, making B correct.
Question 2 of 5
Which one of the following statements is true about the proximal tubule.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Na+/H+ exchange (B) secretes H⺠into the proximal tubule lumen, aiding bicarbonate reabsorption. Na+/K+ ATPase moves sodium out (A is false), carbonic anhydrase is essential (C is false), and pH drops to ~6.8, not 5.0 (D is false), making B true.
Question 3 of 5
Granular (juxtaglomerular cells) secrete ___ when there is a fall in ___ ion concentration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin (D) when sodium falls in the distal tubule, detected by the macula densa, activating RAAS. Chloride (A) is secondary, carbonic anhydrase (B) and ATPase (C) are unrelated, making D the trigger.
Question 4 of 5
Place the following in the correct sequence from the initial formation of urine to its elimination from the body: 1) Major calyx, 2) Minor calyx, 3) Nephron, 4) Urethra, 5) Ureter, 6) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urine forms in the nephron (3), flows to the collecting duct (6), minor calyx (2), major calyx (1), ureter (5), and urethra (4) (A). This sequence (3,6,2,1,5,4) traces filtrate from filtration to excretion, making A correct.
Question 5 of 5
A patient returns to the clinic with recurrent dysuria after being treated with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) for 3 days. Which action will the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Persistent dysuria after 3 days of Bactrim suggests treatment failure, requiring a urine culture and sensitivity (B) to identify the pathogen and adjust antibiotics. Fluid intake should be higher (1800 mL/day, not 1000 mL, A), extending Bactrim (C) assumes efficacy, and Tylenol (D) is less effective than urinary analgesics like Pyridium, making B the priority action.